In previous experiments in adult rats (Slack, 1954, 1955), massive tissue atrophy was induced by denervation and femoral head dislocation of one hind limb. A study of the metabolism of total collagen, total sulphated polysaccharide, and mixed muscle protein indicated that disuse atrophy does not imply cessation of all protein or polysaccharide synthesis. After the onset of atrophy some synthesi...

The primary focus of this article is to review intramembranous bone development, that is, ossification that takes place directly. Comparisons with endochondral ossification (ossification with a cartilage precursor) will be made in order to illustrate the differences between these two modes of ossification and to highlight the comparatively sparse information that is available about intramembran...

Age estimation of the juvenile stage Varanus salvator bivittatus using limb bones, namely big long tubular bones (femur, tibia, humerus) and small (fibula, radius, ulna, phalanx), was performed skeletochronological method. Samples were from Java Island, Indonesia provided by pet exporters. Lines arrested growth (LAG) present first mark visible on a female with snout-vent length (SVL) 18.8 cm, m...

Formation of the vertebrate limb presents an excellent model to analyze a non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS). Here, we first analyzed the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by IHC and of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) by ISH in developing embryonic chicken limbs (stages HH17-37). AChE outlined formation of bones, being strongest at their distal tips, and later also marked areas of ...

Longitudinal growth of bones occurs at the growth plates where chondrocytes align into columns that allow directional growth. Little is known about the mechanisms controlling the ability of chondrocytes to form columns. We hypothesize that mechanical load and the resulting force on chondrocytes are necessary during active growth for proper growth plate development and limb length. To test this ...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com sometimes it may occur as an autosomal dominant trait [1,2]. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome is a cutaneous vascular malformation affecting the development of blood vessels, soft tissues and bones [3]. This is a non-heritable disorder which is present at birth and usually involves lower limb but may involve more than one limb and a portion of the t...

Congenital amputation of a limb is a rare birth defect characterized by failure of formation of the terminal part of an extremity. Also known as congenital transverse deficiency, this condition is thought to be due to mechanical disruption of a developed limb rather than a congenital malformation.1 It can affect one or more limbs2 and an upper limb deformity is more commonly seen.3 We present h...

The purpose of this research is to establish metric standards for the determination of sex from the upper limb bones of Korean. We took a set of eleven measurements on each of 175 right sides of adult skeletons chosen at Korean sample. Classification accuracy dropped only one or two individuals when only vertical head diameter of humerus is used. Variables in relation with maximal length were l...

The optimal treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst remains challenging. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of using bone grafts shaped to the defects caused by aneurysmal bone cysts of upper limb bones. Fifteen patients (12 males and 3 females) with an average age of 12 years (range 6-16 years) were treated for aneurysmal bone cysts of upper limb bones by intralesional res...

A wrist joint and structures typical of the hand, such as digits, however, are absent in [Eustenopteron] (Andrews and Westoll, '68, p 240). Great changes must have been undergone during evolution of the ankle joint; the small number of large bones in the fin must somehow have developed into a large number of small bones, and it is very difficult to draw homologies in this region, or even be cer...