The least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is an adaptation scheme widely used in practice due to its simplicity. In some applications the involved signals are continuous-time. Then, usually either a fully analog implementation of the LMS algorithm is applied or the input data are sampled by analog-to-digital (AD) converters to be processed digitally. A purely digital realization is most often the p...

An adaptive beam former is a device, which is able to steer and modifies an array's beam pattern in order to enhance the reception of a desired signal, while simultaneously suppressing interfering signals through complex weight selection. However, the weight selection is a critical task to get the low Side Lobe Level (SLL) and Low Beam Width. One needs to have a low SLL and low beam width to re...

Parameter estimation in functional imaging provides unique quantitative measures in clinical diagnosis, and in the evaluation of treatment response and new drugs. Voxel-by-voxel parameter estimations can construct parametric images which visualize the spatial distribution of functional parameters. The low signal-to-noise ratio in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may cause phys...

The least median of squares estimator (Rousseeuw, 1984)1 of linear regression parameters is a high breakdown estimator, meaning that, unlike the least squares estimator, it performs reasonably well when up to 50% outliers are present in a data set. Unfortunately, it lacks efficiency under normal errors. This disadvantage can be overcome by using the least median of squares estimator as a starti...

A novel recursive algorithm for identification of Hammerstein structures is developed. The linear and nonlinear parameters are separated and estimated recursively in a parallel manner, but each updating algorithm employs the estimation produced by the other at the previous time instant. Hence, it is termed the Alternately Recursive Least Square (ARLS) algorithm.When compared with Recursive Leas...

the analytic signal method is a semiautomatic method for estimating the location of causative bodies in magnetic and gravity methods. the application of analytic signal for interpretation of two dimensional (2d) structures was introduced by nabighian (1972). the analytic signal is defined as a complex function in which the real and imaginary parts are a pair of hilbert transforms. in other word...