For a general cross-over design, combined intra-inter unit reduced normal equations for estimating linear functions of direct and residual effects are obtained under a mixed effects, non-additive model. The unit effects are considered as random and the model allows for possible interactions among treatments applied at successive periods. Several existing families of designs which are optimal un...

This prospective longitudinal survey compared the stress levels of students taught using an outdoor curriculum in a forest, with children in a normal school setting. We were especially interested in the effect outdoor teaching might have on the children's normal diurnal cortisol rhythm. 48 children (mean age = 11.23; standard deviation (SD) = 0.46) were enrolled, with 37 in the intervention gro...

Abstract Hybrid Boundary Value Method (HyBVM) is a new scheme, which based on Linear Multistep (LMM). The HyBVM the hybrid version of Methods (BVMs) are methods derived to overcome limitations LMMs. This scheme shares same characteristic with Runge Kutta method as data utilized at off-step points. In this work, we apply two second order Problems (BVPs) mixed boundary conditions and results effi...

Eye-movement control during reading depends on foveal and parafoveal information. If the parafoveal preview of the next word is suppressed, reading is less efficient. A linear mixed model (LMM) reanalysis of McDonald (2006) confirmed his observation that preview benefit may be limited to parafoveal words that have been selected as the saccade target. Going beyond the original analyses, in the s...

The penalized quasi-likelihood (PQL) approach is the most common estimation procedure for the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). However, it has been noticed that the PQL tends to underestimate variance components as well as regression coefficients in the previous literature. In this paper, we numerically show that the biases of the variance components are systematically related to the bias...

In longitudinal studies, repeated measures are collected over time and hence they tend to be serially correlated. These studies commonly analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs), in this article we consider an extension of the skew-normal/independent LMM, where error term has a dependence structure, such as damped exponential correlation or autoregressive order p. The proposed model provides f...

The measure obtained from the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464) is often used to predict people’s behaviors. However, it has shown poor predictive ability potentially because of its typical scoring method (the D score), which affected by across-trial variability in IAT data and might provide bia...

Genome-Wide Association Studies shed light on the identification of genes underlying human diseases and agriculturally important traits. This potential has been shadowed by false positive findings. The Mixed Linear Model (MLM) method is flexible enough to simultaneously incorporate population structure and cryptic relationships to reduce false positives. However, its intensive computational bur...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, has no cure. V2-specific vasopressin receptor antagonists delay disease progression in animal models. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS This is a prospectively designed analysis of annual total kidney volume (TKV) and thrice annual estimated GFR (eGFR) mea...

We consider the problem of genetic association testing of a binary trait in a sample that contains related individuals, where we adjust for relevant covariates and allow for missing data. We propose CERAMIC, an estimating equation approach that can be viewed as a hybrid of logistic regression and linear mixed-effects model (LMM) approaches. CERAMIC extends the recently proposed CARAT method to ...