Background Lingual dystonia is a subtype of oromandibular dystonia, which is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary sustained or intermittent contraction of the masticatory and/or tongue muscles. Lingual dystonia interferes with important daily activities, such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing, resulting in vocational and social disability. Objective The aim of this study was to...

Cross-lingual topic detection within text is a feasible solution to resolving the language barrier in accessing the information. This paper presents a Chinese-English cross-lingual topic corpus (CLTC), in which 90,000 Chinese articles and 90,000 English articles are organized within 150 topics. Compared with TDT corpora, CLTC has three advantages. First, CLTC is bigger in size. This makes it po...

To cite: Ganna PS, Ansari A, Shanthraj SL, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2013-009769 DESCRIPTION In lingual orthodontics, bending the distal end without lingual instruments is difficult. Lingual appliance is associated with causing discomfort to tongue at the distal end due to improper bend backs. In addition, bending becomes more difficu...

We examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult Patagonian cavy (Dolichotis patagonum) by scanning electron microscopy. The tongue of the Patagonian cavy is about 8 cm long and the lingual body had lingual prominence on the posterior third. There were no fungiform papillae in the lingual dorsal surface. The fungiform papillae were observed in both lateral sides of the lingual apex. The fili...