BACKGROUND Inflammation remains a crucial factor for progression of cardiac diseases and cardiac hypertrophy remains an important cause of cardiac failure over all age groups. As a key regulator of inflammation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Being an important regulator of innate immunity, the precise pathway of TLR4-mediated cardiac co...

Objective Liver fibrosis is the primary sign of chronic liver injury induced by various causes. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major ingredient of Nigella sativa with several beneficial effects on the body. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of TQ on liver fibrosis in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in male rats. Materials and methods Fifty male Wistar rats wer...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether insulin reduces the magnitude of oxidative, nitrosative, and inflammatory stress and tissue damage responses induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine normal subjects were injected intravenously with 2 ng/kg LPS prepared from Escherichia coli. Ten others were infused with insulin (2 units/h) for 6 h in addition to the LP...

Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress-induced desialylation is considered to be a primary step in atherogenic modification, and therefore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and/or inflammatory reactions may ameliorate CVD. In this study, quercetin 7-O-sialic acid (QA) was synthesized aiming to put together ...

introduction: in the present study, the effect of an inducible no synthase (inos) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (ag) on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress and inflammation parameters was evaluated. materials and methods: the rats were divided into 5 groups and treated: 1) control (saline), 2) lps (1 mg/kg), 3-5) ag 50, 100 and 150mg/kg 30 min before lps injectio...

background: recently, it has been revealed that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) act through inducing both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. however, er stress signaling triggers both apoptotic and survival processes within cells. nevertheless, mechanisms by which tkis avoid the pro-survival effects are not clear. the aim of this study was to ev...

background: acetaminophen (apap) overdose causes renal and hepatic injury. it is ‎also believed that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in apap-induced renal injury. ‎therefore, protective effects of different antioxidants have been examined in apap-‎induced renal and hepatic toxicity models. stevia rebadiana is a plant with a high ‎degree of natural antioxidant activity in its leaf extract. t...

background: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), a progressive stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), is characterized by steatosis with inflammation. investigations have suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in the progress of nafld to nash. to provide further insights into beneficial effects of antioxidants in nash prevention, we employed two manganese-superox...

background homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which formed (mainly in the liver) during the metabolism of methionine. prior studies indicated the important role of hyperhomocysteinemia in pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease, liver steatosis and cirrhosis. one of the most important mechanisms by which homocysteine promote the development of hepatic injury is oxida...

conclusions the results suggest the important role of the antioxidant system potentiation in the prevention of myocardial damage. results cell degenerative changes, pyknotic nuclei, contraction bands, edema, and loosening of collagen in between muscle fibers were observed during ischemia-reperfusion. myocardial architecture and cellular morphology were recovered in co-administration groups, esp...