The relentless decline in -cell function frequently observed in type 2 diabetic patients, despite optimal drug management, has variously been attributed to glucose toxicity and lipotoxicity. The former theory posits hyperglycemia, an outcome of the disease, as a secondary force that further damages -cells. The latter theory suggests that the often-associated defect of hyperlipidemia is a primar...

As obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming an epidemic in westernized countries, the incidence and prevalence of obesity- and diabetes-related co-morbidities are increasing. In type 2 diabetes ectopic lipid accumulation in the heart has been associated with cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis, a process termed lipotoxicity. Since cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in diabetic pa...

It is well known that both insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretory capacity are important factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to genetic factors, obesity and lipotoxicity can increase the risk of T2DM. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are novel antidiabetic drugs with multiple effects. They can stimulate glucose-dependent insul...

Corresponding author: Jae-Hyoung Cho Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea E-mail: [email protected] It is well known that lipotoxicity can cause β-cells injury and/ or dysfunction as well as glucotoxicity [1-4]. If we could expect improvement of β-cell dy...

and may progress to NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Although NAFLD and NASH are associated together, the pathogenesis of NASH is not yet completely elucidated. The pathogenesis of NASH was considered as the “first hit”, characterized by the accumulation of intrahepatic lipid due to disrupting metabolic pathways and increase vulnerability to cell ...

Cellular toxicity mediated by lipids (lipotoxicity) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Genetic analyses now implicate lipotoxicity in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy (T2DN), a pathway that had previously been unexplored. A genome-wide association study in Japanese patients identified a single nucleotide polym...

The novel insulin-secreting human pancreatic β-cell line, 1.1B4, demonstrates stability in culture and many of the secretory functional attributes of human pancreatic β-cells. This study investigated the cellular responses of 1.1B4 cells to lipotoxicity. Chronic 18-h exposure of 1.1B4 cells to 0.5 mm palmitate resulted in decreased cell viability and insulin content. Secretory responses to clas...