This research aims to study jet downstream scour model under the influence of changes of water level. It also studies and analyzes different parameters and components of diffusion of submerged jet flow in an acceptor fluid and scour hole dimensions. To achieve the objectives, a physical model was made in proportion to the research title. With the Froude number increasing in a nozzle discharge, ...

Single-walled carbon nanotubes ~SWNTs! have been produced in high yield by the dc arc discharge technique under gravity-free conditions. Gravity-free conditions can reduce the convection flow of the buffer gas during the arc discharge, which results in the increase of high thermostatic volume around the arc flame. The yields of both the total soot and SWNTs in soot are significantly increased. ...

Electric arc stabilized by a vortex of liquid, mostly water, is used in a special type of plasma torch for generation of thermal plasma jet with extreme plasma parameters. The paper presents analysis of properties and processes of water stabilized arcs and discusses differences from common gas stabilized arcs. Plasma torch utilizing stabilization of arc column by combination of gas flow and liq...

Abstract Physical vapor deposition (PVD) refers to the removal of atoms from a solid or liquid by physical means, followed those on nearby surface form thin film coating. Various approaches and techniques are applied release including thermal evaporation, electron beam ion-driven sputtering, laser ablation, cathodic arc-based emission. Some based plasma discharge, while in other cases composing...

Plasma acid is an acidic solution simply produced from water and a carrier gas in an electrical discharge. These produced solutions are of high value for biological decontamination and industrial pollutant abatement applications. While several electrical discharges have been shown to produce plasma acid, the subject of this study is the gliding arc plasmatron, a rotating gliding arc discharge. ...

The atmospheric pressure carbon arc in inert gases is an important method for the production of nanomaterials [1]. Typical nanosynthesis arcs operate in a dc mode between a graphite anode, which is consumed, and a cathode which can be made from either graphite or a lower melting point material [2]. In spite of many studies, the basic physical processes in this discharge such as cathode electron...

Addition of a small quantity (approximately 3%) of CCl4 to the He atmosphere of the graphite arc-discharge reaction revealed a marked increase in fullerene yield.

This paper presents the development and assessment of two types of Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based sensors including a mobile liquid level sensor and a reflective sensor for the measurement of liquid level and fluid-flow velocity. Shewhart control charts were used to assess the liquid level sensing capacity and reliability of the mobile CO(2)-laser engraved LPFG sensor. There were ten gr...

Partially ionized plasmas corresponding to different ionization degrees are derived and connected one with each other by the diffusion approximation methodology. These plasmas are the following electrical discharges: a thermal arc discharge, glow discharges in local thermodynamic equilibrium -LTEand in non-LTE, and a non-LTE glow discharge interacting with an electron beam (or flow).