from 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...

This paper not only addresses how linkages, direct and facilitating linkages, can benefit microfinance institutions – and particularly in jurisdictions where the Savings Group Outreach involvement is particularly low, but also illustrates ways and means whereby group lending and other more recent innovative methods used by micro lenders to secure repayments, could increase the desired effects, ...

The present study investigated instabilities of immiscible liquid-liquid two-phase laminar flow in micro channel systems. Four representative flow patterns, i.e. stratified flow, stratified wavy flow, stratified flow with inclined interface and annular flow, were observed due to the difference of channel dimension of the organic-phase flow and physical properties of liquids.

Hyperbranched polymers show an outstanding potential for applications ranging from chemistry over nanotechnology to pharmacy. In order to take advantage of this potential, the underlying phase behaviour must be known. From the thermodynamic point of view, the modelling of these phase diagrams is quite challenging, because the thermodynamic properties depend on the architecture of the hyperbranc...

background and objectives: furfural (f) and hydroxymethyl furfural (hmf) are cyclic aldehydes, which are formed during the heat processing of foods. these chemical contaminants have received much attention due to their suspected health hazards and heat damage indicators. the aim of the present study was extraction and determination of f and hmf in baby-foods using dispersive liquid-liquid micro...

A novice engineer often faces many difficulties during the design of liquid retaining structures, which involve making many decisions on the basis of judgment, heuristics, code of practice, rules of thumb, and previous experience. There is a need to develop programming environments that can incorporate engineering judgment along with algorithmic tools. In this paper, the development of a web-ba...

This paper delineates the development of a prototype hybrid knowledge-based system for the optimum design of liquid retaining structures, OPTLIQ, by coupling the blackboard architecture, an expert system shell VISUAL RULE STUDIO and genetic algorithm (GA). Through custom-built interactive graphical user interfaces under a user-friendly environment, the user is directed throughout the design pro...

In some nuclear reactors the core is cooled by means of liquid metal alloy, for example, lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. For safety and licensing reasons, an imaging method for evaluation of status of the interior of reactor has thus to be developed. There are no any other physical means except ultrasonic, which would enable to inspect inner reactor parts submerged in the opaque hot liquid metal. ...