Mixtures containing compounds that undergo hydrogen bonding show large deviations from ideal behavior. These deviations can be accounted for through chemical theory, according to which the formation of a hydrogen bond can be treated as a chemical reaction. This chemical equilibrium needs to be taken into account when applying stability criteria and carrying out phase equilibrium calculations. I...

We numerically investigate the nonlinear evolution of the interface of a thin liquid-vapor bilayer system confined by rigid horizontal walls from both below and above. The lateral variation of the vapor pressure arising from phase change is taken into account in the present analysis. When the liquid vapor is heated cooled and gravity acts toward the liquid, the deflection of the interface monot...

Liquid-Liquid equilibrium data for the (water + Lactic acid + 2-ethy-1-hexanol) ternary system in T=298.2K and P=1atm were determined and tie- lines related to equilibrium data has been drawn in the phases diagram . The reliability of the experimental tie-line data for this system was as confirmed by using the Hand and Othmer –Tobias correlations. The tie-line data were correlated by means of t...

Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful probe of surface electronic and geometric structure in metals, semiconductors, and thin films. Because these techniques generally require ultrahigh vacuum, corresponding studies of volatile liquid surfaces have hitherto been precluded. We describe the design and implementation of an x-ray experiment based on the use of liquid microjets, permittin...

a simple, rapid and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by use of ionic liquid (il-dllme)method, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (faas) was developed for the preconcentrationand determination of palladium in water samples. in this method, an appropriate mixture of acetone and octylmethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate was injected rapidly into the aqueous sample...

Characterization of liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) in system containing ionic liquids (ILs) is important in evaluating ILs as candidates for replacing traditional extraction and separation solvents. Though an increasing amount of experimental LLE data is becoming available, comprehensive coverage of ternary liquid-phase behavior via experimental observation is impossible. Therefore, it is impo...