The load resistance factor according to the target reliability level was proposed using 16 vertical breakwaters constructed along coast of Korea. Limit state functions for sliding and overturning limit states were defined. Reliability analysis performed obtain sensitivity function design variables. partial safety factors variable obtained sensitivity, calculated in turn. representative value by...

describes several excellent strategies to optimize intrinsic load and minimize extraneous load. As noted by the authors, there is legitimate disagreement about the construct of germane cognitive load and how it relates to intrinsic load. However, we do not agree with Leppink and Van den Heuvel’s rejection of germane load as an independent construct. Four of six prior studies performed by Leppin...