Local anaesthetics (LAs) are essential agents in daily practices of dentistry, minor surgery and dermatology. Although they have an impressive history of safety and efficacy, LAs also have the potential to produce adverse events, which are mainly of non-immune nature. The true IgE-mediated allergies are quite rare, but are more considerable in terms of ability to cause life-threatening outcomes...

Algorithms for classification are proposed based on criteria (information entropy and its production). The feasibility of replacing a given anaesthetic by similar ones in the composition of a complex drug is studied. Some local anaesthetics currently in use are classified using characteristic chemical properties of different portions of their molecules. Many classification algorithms are based ...

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explo...

The vascular effects and duration of action of two ester-linked local anaesthetics, procaine and amethocaine, and four amide-linked local anaesthetics, cinchocaine, lignocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine, were investigated in 10 volunteers by intradermal injection using a double-blind technique. Procaine and amethocaine produced marked vasodilatation; weal formation was observed at 80% of the a...

Algorithms for classification and taxonomy based on criteria as information entropy and its production are proposed. Some local anaesthetics, currently in use, are classified using five characteristic chemical properties of different portions of their molecules. Many classification algorithms are based on information entropy. When applying the procedures to sets of moderate size, an excessive n...

the acute intravenous toxicities of a selection of three potential long-acting local anaesthetics belonging to the series of2- phenoxyethyldialkylamine were determined in mice. two of the compounds were tertiary amines and the third a quaternary ammonium derivative.the i.v. median lethal dose, (ldso) of one of the tertiary compounds, 21a [n, n- diethyl-2- (2,6- diisopropyl) ethyl amine hydrochl...