Cells may be damaged by many factors such as life style, chemical exposure, radiation exposure, etc,. Most cells are capable of repairing damage including damage to the genetic material if given enough time (rate of exposure). But major damage might not be repaired and may result in cell death. Ability to repair damaged cells may depend on the type of chemicals produced by radiation in the cell...

Photoelectron-counting distributions are obtained for stochastic light that is caused to scintillate by passage through a random medium. The result is applied specifically to transmission of amplitude-stabilized radiation, with and without independent additive background, and of chaotic radiation, through the turbulent atmosphere. The counting distribution is found to broaden markedly and its p...

INTRODUCTION Observations of mice, rats, and human clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of low-dose radiation immunotherapy. The immune system is an essential component of effective antimutagenic control of the enormous burden of relentless metabolic DNA alterations produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) leaked from mitochondria. Our modeling of the human antimutagenic biosystem includes...

by R. Mukherjee and J. Mircheva H, I ealth risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation, particularly those relating to cancer, invariably command considerable attention. Recent reports about radon levels in homes and buildings, the extensive fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear plant accident, and suspected cancer clusters around nuclear facilities have contributed to a heightene...

Medical imaging procedures with x-ray, computed tomography (CT) and nuclear isotopes use ionizing radiation.1–4 On the other hand, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not. When biological tissues are exposed to radiation, the effects are related to the type of radiation and the amount absorbed. Units of absorbed dose are grays (Gy) (joules/kilogram). One rad (radiation absorbed d...

Low-level Radiation Harmed Humans Near Three Mile Island Wing et al. (1) analyze data from the area nearest the Three Mile Island nuclear installation, showing elevated cancer incidence rates 5 years after the 1979 accident. Wing et al. refute earlier assumptions that lowlevel radioactive emissions from the accident were too minute to produce observable effects (2). The critical analysis by Win...

The carcinogenic risks of exposure to low-level ionising radiation used by the ICRP have been challenged as being, at the same time, both too high and too low. This paper explains that the epidemiological evidence will always be limited at low doses, so that understanding the cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis is increasingly important to assess the biological risks. An analysis is then give...