Abstract It is important to monitor the iced condition for operating wind turbine blades. However, most sensors are difficult be used in this quite cold and lightweight environment. Although fiber bragg grating (FBG) a good candidate case. With change of temperature, thermal expansion coefficient thermo-optical coeffecient FBG material will affect accuracy characteristics sensor. Aiming at appl...

During the course of our research on the quantitative design of steels [1,2], an exciting discovery was made, in which carbide–free bainite was obtained by transformation at incredibly low temperatures, as low as 125 ◦C [3]. To put this into context, the random jump distance of an iron atom at that temperature is only 10 m over a period of three weeks. The consequence of the low transformation–...

A simple method to include the strong force in atom–antiatom scattering is presented. It is based on the strong-force scattering length between the nucleon and antinucleon. Using this method elastic and annihilation cross sections are calculated for hydrogen–antihydrogen and helium–antihydrogen scattering. The results are compared to first-order perturbation theory using a pseudo potential. The...

Timing of accretion of the primary planetesimals in the early solar system has been investigated using short-lived (e.g., 26Al, 53Mn, 182Hf and 129I) and long-lived (e.g., 238U, 235U, 232Th and 147Sm) radionuclides. The fi rst condensed objects in the solar system are known to be the calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites (undifferentiated meteorites mainly composed of Feand Mgbe...

We present a detailed magnetothermal study of Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, a perovskite manganite in which an insulator-metal transition can be driven by magnetic field, but also by pressure, visible light, x-rays, or high currents. We find that the field-induced transition is associated with a large release of energy which accounts for its strong irreversibility. In the ferromagnetic metallic state, specif...

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour G. Allen, J. J. Remedios, and K. M. Smith EOS, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK Received: 7 June 2005 – Accepted: 12 July 2005 – Published: ...

A model takes on the quality of theory when it abstracts from raw data the facts that its inventor perceives to be fundamental and controlling, and puts these into relation to each other in ways that were not understood before—thereby generating predictions of surprising new facts. Geochemical modeling has become a popular and useful tool for a wide number of applications from research on the f...

Bainite has been obtained by heat treatment at temperatures as low as 125°C in a high carbon, high silicon steel. This has had the effect of greatly re® ning the microstructure, which is found to have a strength in excess of 2.5 GPa together with an ability to ̄ ow plastically before fracture. Such properties have never before been achieved with bainite. In this paper metallographic details are ...