This paper describes circuit evolutionary experiments at extreme low temperatures, including the test of all system components at this extreme environment (EE). In addition to hardening-by-process and hardeningby-design, “hardening-by-reconfiguration ”, when applicable, could be used to mitigate drijts, degradation, or damage on electronic devices (chips) in EE, by using re-con$gurable devices ...

In a recent paper [Beige, Knight, and Vitiello, quant-ph/0404160], we showed that a large number N of particles can be cooled very efficiently. The particles should be excited by red-detuned laser fields while coupling to the quantized field mode inside a resonant and leaky optical cavity. When the coupling constants are for all particles the same, a collective behavior can be generated and the...

Much of the experimental physics research done at Case during the 1950’s and 1960’s was concerned with the properties of solids. The work on crystals done by Chuck Smith and that done by Eugene Crittenden on thin metallic films (described in Chapter 7) led to the later research of Schuele, Hoffman, Gordon and Eck (Chapter 12). Many of these studies were done on materials held at a few degrees a...

A study has been made of the mechanisms of dynamic polarization of nuclei in organic materials at temperatures below 1 K and in magnetic fields up to 50 kG. After a summary of the mechanisms of dynamic polarization, the experimental results on 1,2-propanediol, doped with paramagnetic Crv complexes, are compared quantitatively with a spin temperature model of Borghini, in which it is assumed tha...

VII.A The non-linear σ-model Previously we considered low temperature expansions for discrete spins (Ising, Potts, etc.), in which the low energy excitations are droplets of incorrect spin in a uniform background selected by broken symmetry. These excitations occur at small scales, and are easily described by graphs on the lattice. By contrast, for continuous spins, the lowest energy excitation...

Based on SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics we interprete Aracde2’s and the results of earlier radio-surveys on low-frequency CMB line temperatures as a phase-boundary effect. We explain the excess at low frequencies by evanescent, nonthermal photon fields of the CMB whose intensity is nulled by that of Planck distributed calibrator photons. The CMB baseline temperature thus is identified with the...

Introduction: The use of aerogel as a capture medium for particles traveling at high speeds has been long established (see [1] for a recent review). Aerogel collectors have several times been deployed in Low Earth Orbit. Recently, the Stardust space mission [2] has returned to Earth (Jan. 2006) carrying aerogel which was used to collect an estimated 2800±500 freshly emitted cometary dust grains...