Mutational, phylogenetic, and structural modeling approaches were combined to develop a general method to study leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and were used to identify residues within the Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) LRR that contribute to flagellin perception. FLS2 is a transmembrane receptor kinase that binds bacterial flagellin or a flagellin-based flg22 peptide through...

Studies have demonstrated that nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes respond to pathogen attack in plants. Characterization of NBS-LRR genes in peanut is not well documented. The newly released whole genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaënsis have allowed a global analysis of this important gene family in peanut to be conducted. In this study, we identifie...

Disease resistance proteins containing a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region compose the largest class of disease resistance proteins. These so-called NBS-LRR proteins confer resistance against a wide variety of phytopathogens. To help elucidate the mechanism by which NBS-LRR proteins recognize and transmit pathogen-derived signals, we analyzed mutant versions o...

Computational prediction of protein functional sites can be a critical first step for analysis of large or complex proteins. Contemporary methods often require several homologous sequences and/or a known protein structure, but these resources are not available for many proteins. Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) are ligand interaction domains found in numerous proteins across all taxonomic kingdoms, ...

PURPOSE To determine whether Ki67 expression and breast cancer subtypes could predict locoregional recurrence (LRR) and influence the postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) decision in breast cancer (BC) patients with pathologic negative lymph nodes (pN0) after modified radical mastectomy (MRM). METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 699 BC patients with pN0 status after MRM, treated between 2001 and 2...

PURPOSE To analyze the results of locoregional and systemic therapy in the breast cancer patients with locoregional recurrence (LRR) after mastectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-one patients who received radiotherapy for isolated LRR after mastectomy between January 1999 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 71 patients, 59 (83.1%) underwent wide excision and radiother...

Rx in potato encodes a protein with a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRR) that confers resistance against Potato virus X. The NBS and LRR domains in Rx are present in many disease resistance proteins in plants and in regulators of apoptosis in animals. To investigate structure-function relationships of NBS-LRR proteins we exploited the potential of Rx to mediate a cell ...

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation I read with interest the article by Freedman et al investigating the results of radiation on the local control of triple receptor-negative (TN) breast cancer (negative estrogen [ER], progesterone [PR], and HER-2 receptors). The authors compared 3 different groups defined by receptor status as follows: Group 1: ER or PR ...

Mice from eight inbred strains were studied for their acute sensitivity to ethanol as indexed by the degree of hypothermia (HT), indexed as the reduction from pre-injection baseline of their body temperature. Two weeks later, mice were tested for their loss of righting reflex (LRR) after a higher dose of ethanol. The LRR was tested using the "classical" method of watching for recovery in animal...

The most represented group of resistance genes are those of the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class. These genes are very numerous in the plant genome, and they often occur in clusters at specific loci following gene duplication and amplification events. To date, hundreds of resistance genes and relatively few quantitative trait loci for plant resistance to pathogens have ...