Simulating the seismic behaviour of a structure up to point collapse is an established approach assessing structural safety during strong earthquakes. In case reinforced concrete columns with predominantly flexural response, lumped plasticity model predefined backbone and Takeda hysteresis rules often used for this purpose. The present study investigates different moment-rotation models identif...

This paper is concerned with nonlinear analysis of frames composed of softening materials. The previously proposed dissipated energy maximization approach is extended to determine non-holonomic solution of such frames. The adopted assumptions are: linear kinematics, lumped plasticity with softening behavior, piecewise-linear yield functions, associate flow rule and isotropic evolution with a th...

Electrical analogy (Lumped method) is an easy way to model human cardiovascular system. In this paper Lumped method is used for simulating a complete model. It describes a 36-vessel model and cardiac system of human body with details that could show hydrodynamic parameters of cardiovascular system. Also this paper includes modeling of pulmonary, atrium, left and right ventricles with their equi...

The lumped constant of the deoxyglucose method was determined by the steady-state, model-independent method in the brain of normal conscious rats with arterial plasma glucose concentrations varying from normoglycemia (i.e., 8 mM) to hyperglycemia (i.e., 31 mM). The lumped constant for brain was found to decrease very gradually with increasing arterial plasma glucose concentration from a value o...

As widely known, connections performance under seismic loads can significantly affect the structural response of RC precast buildings. Within scientific community, an increasing number studies has been carried out on this topic, in light recent earthquake aftermaths all over Europe. Indeed, turned to be weakest part structures and their failure often provoked global collapse whole building. The...

Abstract A simple method is proposed to model the open cracked beam structures. In this method, crack is modeled as a beam element. Hence cracked beam can be assumed to be a beam with stepped cross sections, and problem of determining natural frequency and mode shape of cracked beam, can be solved as determining these characteristics for a beam with different length and cross section. With this...

Anderson and Bowser [1986], hereafter referred to as AB, presented a very interesting paper on the study of the role of groundwater in delaying lake acidification i Wisconsin. By considering the input/output of hydrogen ion with respect o the aquifer, including nonconservative transport through the use of the retardation factor, the effect of a delay in the arrival of acid to the lake is demons...

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of modeling any dynamical system using a set of fractional order differential equations, including distributed and lumped systems. Fractional order differentiators and integrators are the basic elements of these equations representing the real model of the dynamical system, which in turn implies the necessity of using fractional order controllers instead ...

Maintaining the performance of a fuel cell stack requires appropriate management water in membrane electrode. One solution is to apply an external humidifier supply gases. However, operating conditions change continuously, which significantly affects and gas characteristics. A straightforward module needed for integration with system model. In this study, lumped-mass model was used simulate hol...