BACKGROUND There are very little scientific data on occlusion pressure for superficial lymphatic collectors. Given its importance in determining the transport capacity of lymphatic vessels, it is crucial to know its value. The novel method of near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) can be used to visualize lymphatic flow in real time. The goal of this study was to see if this meth...

1. The normal lymph pressure in the legs of anesthetized dogs is not measurable. 2. The maximum pressure of lymph in the quiescent leg under conditions of sterile inflammation is around 120 cm. of lymph. 3. Venous pressure rises immediately in a region subjected to sterile inflammation and then slowly returns to normal. The rise in lymph pressure follows the rise in venous pressure. 4. Changes ...

We examined the relationship between thoracic duct lymph flow (TDF) and its driving pressure (DP) in six anesthetized sheep. DP was determined as the thoracic duct pressure (TDP) minus the innominate vein pressure (VP). TDF was measured using an ultrasound transit-time flow meter, placing a flow probe beside the caudal mediastinal lymph node. TDP was measured with a fine needle inserted near th...

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 µm, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circul...

When a lymph node is excised, lymphangiogenesis occurs to maintain flow in the affected area. However, a complex network of small vessels replaces the node and these newly formed vessels might increase resistance to lymph transport. To test this in sheep, the popliteal lymph node from one hind limb was removed surgically. The contralateral node was left intact. After 4 to 6 weeks (a period that...

BACKGROUND Flow cytometry is a method that enables the automated quantification of a set of parameters for a large number of cells or cell-like particles. It is also possible to analyze solid tissues after reduction to a single cell suspension. One of the applications of fl ow cytometry is immunophenotyping. AIM The authors try to introduce the basic physical and biological principles of fl o...

AIMS To create clinically relevant normative flow cytometry data for understudied benign lymph nodes and characterise outliers. METHODS Clinical, histological and flow cytometry data were collected and distributions summarised for 380 benign lymph node excisional biopsies. Outliers for kappa:lambda light chain ratio, CD10:CD19 coexpression, CD5:CD19 coexpression, CD4:CD8 ratios and CD7 loss w...

The lymphatic system acts to return lower-pressured interstitial fluid to the higher-pressured veins by a complex network of vessels spanning more than three orders of magnitude in size. Lymphatic vessels consist of lymphangions, segments of vessels between two unidirectional valves, which contain smooth muscle that cyclically pumps lymph against a pressure gradient. Whereas the principles gove...

We studied the effects of uneven pulmonary artery obstruction by microemboli on steady state transvascular fluid and protein exchange in normal and leukopenic sheep. We measured pulmonary artery and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and lymph plasma protein concentrations. Sheep were made profoundly leukopenic by administration of intra-arterial mechlorethamine hydrochlori...

lymph node dissection is of prime importance for accurate staging of colorectal carcinomas. since a great number of small lymph nodes are missed in the traditional method, several fat clearing solutions have been introduced for easier detection of smaller lymph nodes. in this study we evaluated the efficacy of a new fat clearing solution so-called lymph node revealing solution (lnrs) in colecto...