This study investigated the survival and prognosis of 298 gastric adenocarcinoma patients with no distant metastasis. For analysis and comparison of the prognosis of patients, a retrospective analysis was performed in 298 patients with perfect clinical data and follow-up data who received the D2 resections for gastric cancer in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University betw...

Cancer and dendritic cells recognize and migrate toward chemokines secreted from lymphatics and use this mechanism to invade the lymphatic system, and cancer cells metastasize through it. The lymphatic-secreted chemokine ligand CCL21 has been identified as a key regulatory molecule in the switch to a metastatic phenotype in melanoma and breast cancer cells. However, it is not known whether CCL2...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D belong to the VEGF family, and are thought to be involved in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. At present, this is the only known system that can induce lymphatic vessel growth in the body. However, the roles of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in breast cancer tissue have not been clarified. In the present study, we measured the mRNA expression of VEGF...

The aim of the present study was to clarify the therapeutic effect of thoracoscopic esophagectomy with radical lymph node dissection based on the recurrence pattern, and identify the risk factors for relapse-free survival in patients with esophageal cancer. The recurrence patterns in 140 patients who underwent complete thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy between January 2003 and December 2012 w...

Metastases are commonly found in the lymphatic system. The molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis is, however, poorly understood. Here we report that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A stimulated lymphangiogenesis in vivo and that overexpression of VEGF-A in murine T241 fibrosarcomas induced the growth of peritumoral lymphatic vessels, which occasionally penetrated into the tumor ...

The presence of tumor cells in lymph nodes (LNs) is a sign that metastatic spread of cancer has occurred, and it also signals poor prognosis for patients with cancer. However, it is uncertain whether the lymphatic vasculature is a route for the further dissemination of tumor cells to distant organs or whether that primarily occurs through direct entry of tumor cells into blood vessels. Until re...

To evaluate the role of p53 and NDP-K/nm23(nm23) protein as a prognostic factor and their relation to metastasis of cancer, we studied metastatic and nonmetastatic gastric carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Among the 101 specimens examined, 37(36.6%) showed positivity in staining for p53 protein and 64(63.4%) showed no detectable p53 protein in tumor cells. p53 overexpression ...

Introduction The lymphatic system serves as the primary route for the metastasis of many cancers and the extent of lymphangiogenesis involvement is the most important indicator of tumor aggressiveness. Despite the apparent importance of the lymphatic vessels for tumor dissemination, it has remained unclear whether immune cells and lymphatic endothelial cells interactions may affect tumor progre...

We examined the three-dimensional changes of the lymphatic architecture in the rabbit VX2 tongue cancer model after administration ofan antiangiogenic agent, TNP-470. TNP-470 at 30 mg/kg was administered via the auricular vein to the rabbit four times every other day from 3 days after transplantation of the tumor. The tongue and both sides ofdeep cervical lymph nodes of rabbit were observed at ...

Recent evidence on the association of lymphangiogenic growth factors with intralymphatic growth and metastasis of cancers (1–4) has raised hopes that lymphatic vessels could be used as an additional target for tumor therapy. Cancer cells spread within the body by direct invasion to surrounding tissues, spreading to body cavities, invasion into the blood vascular system (hematogenous metastasis)...