Particles that are embedded in fluid membranes or plates can induce bending if they impose a nonzero angle of contact. This bending mediates complicated effective particle-particle interactions. In the absence of tension, these interactions are nonpairwise additive and can result in clusters of particles with specific configurations that give rise to zero total membrane bending energy. Here, we...

RNA polymerase was halted in consecutive registers of RNA synthesis ranging from registers 11 to 68. Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis shows that the mobility of the complexes varies (up to 15%), indicating that halted complexes differ in their conformation. The electrophoretic mobility changes with an approximate 10-register periodicity. The change of the mobility can be attributed to relativ...

tehran shomal highway passes through alborz mountains with a tunnel length of 6400 meters. there are two main tunnels. a full three-dimensional (3d) numerical analysis coupled with elasto-plastic material models was conducted on the inclined access tunnel. bending moment, axial force and the lining displacements due to the internal forces applied on the shotcrete lining are calculated. axial fo...

A new criterion for the optimum design of curved dielectric waveguides is proposed. The bends designed according to this model are named matched bends. In the matched bend, the suitable choice of both bending radius and bending angle reduces the total losses of the bend and avoids the leaky-mode excitation at the end of the bend. For a given angle, a discrete number of bending radii that satisf...

Computation of bending forces on triangle meshes is required for numerous simulation and geometry processing applications. A common quantity in many bending models is the hinge angle between two adjacent triangles. This angle is straightforward to compute, and its gradient with respect to vertex positions (required for the forces) is easily found in the literature. However, its Hessian, which i...

An electrostatic torsion micromirror is designed using the optimized spring-shaped torsion beams and U-shaped groove supporters. The main advantages of this design will be a reduction in the pull-in voltage for low-voltage applications and the function as a switch of the instability mode by adjusting the effective bending stiffness of the torsion beam. In this design, a theoretical model is dev...

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) has been used to study transcriptional activation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase x sigma 54 (RNAP x sigma 54) at the glnA promoter by the constitutive mutant NtrC(D54E,S160F) of the NtrC Protein (nitrogen regulatory protein C). DNA-protein complexes were deposited on mica and images were recorded in air. The DNA template was a 726 bp linear fragment with two ...

Metallic nanomaterials are widely used in micro/nanodevices. However, the mechanically driven microstructure evolution in these nanomaterials is not clearly understood, particularly when large stress and strain gradients are present. Here, we report the in situ bending experiment of Ni nanowires containing nanoscale twin lamellae using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We found ...

An analytical and numerical solution for the free vibration of laminated polymeric composite plates with different layups is studied in this paper. The governing equations of the laminated composite plates are derived from the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) and the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT). General layups are evaluated by the assumption of cross-ply and angle-p...