We study endogenous currency substitution in a decentralized trade environment. Sellers maximize profits from sales of imperfectly substitutable goods by posting prices in either one of two currencies. A unique symmetric equilibrium exists where goods are priced only in the local currency. This occurs if foreign trade is sporadic, there is sufficient but not excessive liquidity, and discounting...

A currency area can be a self-validating optimal policy regime, even when monetary unification does not foster real economic integration and intra-industry trade. In our model firms choose the degree of exchange rate pass-through onto export prices accounting for expected monetary policies, and monetary authorities choose optimal policy rules taking firms’ pass-through as given. We show that th...

In this paper, based on error correction model by using panel data, an empirical analysis of demand for international reserves for 16 Islamic countries is investigated. Besides addressing conventional issues, the model explicitly incorporates the impact of expected export revenues and the impact of the exchange rate system on reserve demand. The results reveal that, short run money market diseq...

Medical tourism is one of the subdirectories of tourism in order to receive health care in other countries. It has become a major industry in the global arena. According to the great potential of this industry in Iran, is essential to paying more attention to this branch of tourism, economic effect and also the effect of economic indicators on tourism industry. Therefore, this paper examines th...

Motivated by empirical facts, we develop a theoretical model for optimal currency government debt portfolio and debt payments, which allows both government debt aversion and jumps in the exchange rates. We obtain first a realistic stochastic differential equation for public debt, and then solve explicitly the optimal currency debt problem. We show that higher debt aversion and jumps in the exch...

I propose a model of production and financing for firms in an open economy, which features financial frictions and imperfect competition in the domestic goods market. The optimal currency composition of debt comes from the motive to hedge currency exposure, which arises from the industry equilibrium in the domestic goods market. Using a panel dataset of traded Mexican firms, I find evidence tha...

We introduce iOwe, a deferred compensation scheme that can be used in a broad range of decentralized systems. iOwe is reminiscent of a currency scheme backed by a precious commodity: network resources. iOwe does not require a central authority, proofs of work, continuous connectivity to currency issuers, or trusted storage. Instead, in iOwe, any principal may issue their own currency, in any am...

Currency-translated foreign equity options (quanto options) are designed for investors who would like to manage different types of risk in international equity investments. The terminal payoffs of quanto options depend on the price of a foreign currency denominated asset (or stock index) and the exchange rate in different combinations of choices. This paper presents a systematic framework to de...