A review of the Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic tribosphenic mammal fossil record supports hypothesis that Tribosphenida arose in during Early Jurassic, around 50 million years prior to clade’s reliably dated first appearance Northern Hemisphere. mammals are known from Australia, Madagascar, South America and Indian subcontinent, classified into three families: Bishopidae (fam. nov.), Ausktribosph...

The article describes the paleobiogeographic history of modern subfamilies so-called “crown deer” family Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in world from late Miocene to Pleistocene. study overviews taxonomic diversity and evolutionary radiation all zoogeographic realms where this systematic group is present paleontological record. diversification fossil based on estimations species body masses ...

Fleas (order Siphonaptera) are highly-specialized, diverse blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals and birds with an enigmatic evolutionary history and obscure origin. We here present a molecular phylogenetic study based on a comprehensive taxon sampling of 259 flea taxa, representing 16 of the 18 extant families of this order. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree with strong nodal support was recovered...