1) Ecosystem indicators are a way of reducing ecosystem complexity into a form that is most informative and useful to management. As a means of turning data into information, indicators are ultimately a communication tool facilitating science-based governance, i.e. the sustainable use of WCPO tuna resources and the conservation of associated species. 2) One framework suggested for the developme...

Ecosystem-based management requires integration of multiple system components and uses, identifying and striving for sustainable outcomes, precaution in avoiding deleterious actions, and adaptation based on experience to achieve effective solutions. Efforts underway or in planning to restore and manage two major coastal ecosystems, the Chesapeake Bay (Chesapeake Bay Program) and coastal Louisia...

Jensen, M.E.; Bourgeron, P.S., tech. eds. 1994. Volume II: Ecosystem management: principles and applications. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 376 p. (Everett, Richard L., assessment team leader; Eastside forest ecosystem health assessment). This document provides land managers with practical suggestio...

A Framework for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin and Portions of the Klamath and Great Basins (Haynes and others 1996) states that a main feature of an ecosystem approach to managing natural resources is to include people, their values, and activities. The Framework acknowledges that people may make demands on ecosystems that exceed physical and biological capabilities in the...

Seagrass meadows support key ecosystem services, via provision of food directly for herbivores, and indirectly to their predators. The importance of herbivores in seagrass meadows has been well-documented, but the links between food webs and ecosystem services in seagrass meadows have not previously been made explicit. Herbivores interact with ecosystem services - including carbon sequestration...