The SSRO with rigid fixation (RF) can be best applied for correction of mandibular prognathism after the age of 12 years (after eruption of the mandibular second molars) in symmetric and mild to moderate asymmetric cases. Contraindications for the SSRO include 1) presence of unerupted mandibular second molars: 2) a severely narrow anteroposterior or mediolateral dimension of the ramus with no m...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate axial mesiodistal inclinations of the mandibular molars in orthodontically treated cases, analyzing whether inclusion of second mandibular molars in treatment mechanics has any influence on final and postretention molars angulations. METHODS The sample comprised 150 panoramic radiographs of 50 patients. Patients were treated with extraction of four first premolars and divid...

This case report presents treatment of a distally impacted mandibular 2nd premolar having a 90° tilt to the long axis of the tooth. In this 16 year old girl radiological finding described that horizontally impacted mandibular second premolar was positioned below the roots of the mandibular first molar. Due to the abnormal position of impacted premolar, it was planned to be removed surgically. F...

background and aims. it is critical to have a proper knowledge of the normal anatomy of the pulp and its variations for the success of endodontic treatment. the aim of this study was to determine the canal configuration and the prevalence of c-shaped canals in mandibular first and second premolars in a north-western iranian population. materials and methods. a total of 163 extracted mandibular ...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of electronic foramen locators (EFLs) to control root canal working length during rotary instrumentation and to assess possible reliability variations of different working lengths. Forty-eight human mandibular bicuspids were randomly divided in 2 groups according to the used device, Root ZX II (RZX) and Propex II (PRO). They were further subdivided in 2 ...

A panoramic radiographic study was carried out on 404 dentate Saudi Arabians, to locate positions of the mental foramen. Results show that 83.7% of the mental foramen locations occurred in the interdental space between the mandibular premolars and apical to the mandibular second premolar. 9.35% occurred posterior to the mandibular second premolar, and 6.95% occurred apical/anterior to the mandi...

most mandibular second molars have one and two canals in distal and mesial roots, respectively. this report represents four cases of mandibular second molars with a single mesial and two distal root canals with two different canal configurations. after access cavity preparation, two teeth had one distal and two mesial orifices, whereas in the two other teeth one mesial and two distal orifices w...

Introduction: To achieve a successful endodontic treatment, the clinician has to identify the different canal configurations.mandibular premolars have the wide variety of root canal morphology and they are known as the most difficult teeth to treat in endodontics.CBCT  provides a non-invasive 3D confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography.The aim of this study was to...