Performing deceptive actions is a wide-spread phenomenon in sports and it is of considerable practical relevance to know whether or not a fake or a disguised action decreases the opponents' performance. Therefore, research on deceptive actions for various sport disciplines (e.g., cricket, rugby, martial arts, soccer, and basketball) has been conducted. This research is scattered, both across ti...

On September 27th, 1987, a small group of monks staged a demonstration in Lhasa which once again drew the attention of the world to Tibet. In the following 18 months thirty or more such incidents occurred in different parts of the region, leading to the imposition of martial law by the Chinese government in the capital in March 1989, the first time since the creation of the People's Republic of...

one of the methods to recognize national background and roots, also to maintain historical and cultural nature is to study different dimensions of physical, martial and athletic activities in ancient iran. the aim of the present study was to identify different sport fields and equipment in ancient iran using content analysis of nine versions of ferdowsi’s “shahnameh” and related literature. als...

A major analytics challenge in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is capturing the differences between fighters that are essential for both establishing matchups and facilitating fan understanding. Here, we model ~18,000 fighters as mixtures of 10 data-defined prototypical martial arts styles, each with characteristic ways of winning. By balancing fighter-level data with broader trends in MMA, fighter be...

Background Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a physiologically demanding sport that requires athletes to compete in weight restricted classes. As a result, it is a common practice for many athletes competing in this sport to undergo weight loss prior to competition. These practices included various dieting strategies to lose weight over a period of days to weeks as well as mild to severe losses of bo...

conclusions in conclusion, mma official and simulated matches induce similar high intensity glycolytic demands and minimal changes to biochemical markers of muscle damage immediately following the fights. glycolytic availability prior to the fights was raised exclusively in response to official matches. objectives the main objective of this study was to compare biochemical responses to sparring...

Background As Mixed Martial Arts grows in popularity, more athletes are participating in “weight cutting” to compete in weight classes that are below their regular weight. Current weight cutting techniques include dehydration, food restriction, diuretic use and self-induced vomiting to rapidly decrease weight. All of these can inhibit performance and negatively impact the health of an athlete. ...

Results The following are the findings. Firstly, the total time taken for forward breakfall of the martial arts showed 1.53±0.04 s for skilled, and 1.41±0.06s for unskilled subjects (p<.01). Second, during forward breakfall of the martial arts, the skilled subjects came up with significantly faster impact velocity in the primary point of impact (E2) (p<.001), but the unskilled subjects showed s...

The aim of the present study was to compare the technical-tactical aspects of female professional mixed martial arts (MMA) matches by combat outcomes and rounds from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFCTM). We analyzed 174 rounds separated by Combat Outcomes (Split Decision n=54; Unanimous Decision n=72; KO/TKO n=28; Submission n=20) of 2012-2014 events. The time-motion variables were catego...