this paper tries to evaluate the nature of open market operation in the conventional banking system and to compare the usage of government securities and central bank securities for conducting this operation. in addition, the experience of the iranian central bank in using central bank musharakah certificates is reviewed. the main results of the paper, derived from an analytical- descriptive ap...

In order to protect the public's confidence in deposit money, governments usually guarantee bank deposits implicitly or through an explicit deposit insurance system. Thus bank insolvency does not induce immediate bank runs. In many episodes of banking crises, several years passed quietly after bank insolvency had occurred, with the insolvency continuing to develop under the surface, and the ras...

we assessed the size and composition of the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in 52 relevés representing a range of habitats within an old- growth, temperate deciduous forest at hyrcanian region, northern iran. we identified 63 taxa in the seed bank, with an average density of 4202 seeds/spores per m2 by seedling emergence method. hypericum androsaemum, cardamine impatiens, and rub...

For purposes of this subpart: Bank holding company means any company that controls a bank (as provided in section 2 of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841 et seq.)). Consultant. For purposes of this subpart, a consultant for a national bank, savings association, bank holding company, savings and loan holding company, or other company shall include only an individual who works d...

in this paper, analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer over the bank of tubes is considered. k-ω sst model is applied for simulation of turbulent flow. in this paper, the improvement of efficiency of a bundle of circular tubes by changing the shape of the cross section of one row of the pipes to the elliptical cross section as an innovative plan is considered. as know, friction factor in turbu...

mazandaran province is one of the most important agricultural areas in iran. researches findings show that the role of bank credits is really important due to the lack of available funds in agricultural sector. in this study, the relationship between allocation of agricultural bank credits of iran as professional bank section and agricultural employment was studied in the mazandaran province ba...