This article discusses the application of laser to trim the outer surface from tree-ring increment cores in preparation for dendrochemistry of certain metals. A source of contamination specific to dendrochemistry of metals is metal constituents, such as iron, tungsten, chromium, nickel, and cobalt, coming off tools used to collect and process cores and adhering to the sample surface. One method...

Observational studies have shown inconsistent results for the association between blood pressure and cancer risk. We investigated the association in 7 cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden. In total, 577799 adults with a mean age of 44 years were followed for, on average, 12 years. Incident cancers were 22184 in men and 14744 in women, and cancer deaths were 8724 and 4525, respectively. Cox ...

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Pakistan and adrenal involvement in long-standing tuberculosis has been found to be common. A multi-center study was conducted to assess the adrenal function using short Synacthen test in one hundred patients with tuberculosis of more than 6 months duration at three hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Forty patients demonstrated impaired respo...

A factorial combination of four treatments (control (CW), optimal growing season water availability (IW), optimum nutrient availability (FW), and combined optimum water and nutrient availability (FIW)) in four replications were initiated in an 8-yearold Pinus taeda stand growing on a droughty, nutrient-poor, sandy site in Scotland County, NC and maintained for 9 years. Results for the first 4 y...

BACKGROUND Self-report of dietary energy and protein intakes has been shown to be systematically and differentially underreported. OBJECTIVE We assessed and compared the association of diabetes among postmenopausal women with biomarker-calibrated and uncalibrated dietary energy and protein intakes from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DESIGN The analyses were performed for 74,155 parti...

and did not change significantly from month 1 to 20 of life. Cross-sectional area of individual ␤-cells increased progressively in the initial months, remained stable from month 7 to 15, and increased again on month 20. The estimated number of ␤-cells per pancreas, calculated as the ratio of total ␤-cell mass to individual ␤-cell mass, tripled from month 1 to 7 but did not change significantly ...

The transition from trot to gallop in quadruped mammals has been widely hypothesized to be a strategy to minimize the energetic costs of running. This view, however, has been challenged by some experimental evidence suggesting instead that this transition might be triggered by mechanical cues, and would occur when musculoskeletal stresses reach a certain critical value. All previous experiments...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent type of dementia, has been associated with the accumulation of amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) in the central nervous system. AβOs vary widely in size, ranging from dimers to larger than 100 kDa. Evidence indicates that not all oligomers are toxic, and there is yet no consensus on the size of the actual toxic oligomer. Here we used NU4, a conformation-dep...