The 'waterfall effect' is a descriptive term to indicate a sliding ptosis of parenchymal breast tissue over a fixed or encapsulated implant. It occurs more frequently than surgeons anticipate and especially over the longer term after augmentation. Certain breast implants are more prone to contribute to this problem as are implants placed in submuscular pockets that ride high, especially in wome...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate and compare the complication rates of patients having abdominoplasty without breast surgery with the rates of those having abdominoplasty with various types of elective breast surgery, including breast augmentation, breast reduction, mastopexy, and mastopexy combined with simultaneous augmentation. METHODS The data collected represent a retrospec...

For augmentation mastopexy, the authors use adjustable implants that are deflated at the end of the procedure and then inflated to the desired size 5 to 10 days postoperatively using external injection domes. Reported advantages, based on 175 cases, include increased perioperative safety for the nipple areolar complex, the ability to adjust for size and symmetry postoperatively with patient inp...

BACKGROUND Surgeons have long debated the relative merits of vertical and inverted-T mammaplasties. These debates have centered on surgeons' opinions. Without measurements, this controversy is unlikely to be resolved. This study compares these common techniques using a recently published measurement system. Such a study using measurements on photographs matched for size and orientation has not ...