Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for the investigation of the microstructure of materials, providing crystallographic information and composition at the nanometer scale. For such studies, samples should be transparent to the electron beam. In this review, TEM sample preparation techniques for different classes of materials, such as metals and alloys, multilayered coatin...

Pulpal respiration in second and third premolar dog teeth was measured by a radioisotope tracer determination. Dental amalgam, a zinc oxide and eugenol base, and a calcium hydroxide base were placed into a cavity preparation. Following a two-week period the teeth wer~ extracted intact. The pulp tissue was removed and suspended in a phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) which 14C-succinic acid ...

Physical-chemists, (micro)biologists, and ecologists need to conduct meaningful experiments to study the environmental risk of engineered nanomaterials with access to relevant mechanistic data across several spatial and temporal scales. Indoor aquatic mesocosms (60L) that can be tailored to virtually mimic any ecosystem appear as a particularly well-suited device. Here, this concept is illustra...