In the past decade, the utility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in oral and maxillofacial surgery has seen continuous increase. However, CBCT images are not always able to replace other imaging modalities. Based on the current published knowledge, this paper discusses advantages and limitations of CBCT images in the diagnosis and surgical planning of dentoalveolar procedures, odo...

The reconstruction of facial soft tissue is an essential processing phase in the fields of forensics, anthropology as well as maxillofacial surgery. In the first two areas the working subject is a skull find of a deceased where the soft tissue needs to be reconstructed. In forensics, this work helps to identify skeletons from open cases of death. In anthropology, the comparison of facial featur...

Abstract Introduction Piezoelectric device or piezosurgery device was originally developed for the atraumatic cutting of bone by way of ultrasonic vibrations and as an alternative to the mechanical and electrical instruments that are used in conventional oral surgery. Over the past two decades, an increasing amount of literature has shown that piezoelectric devices are innovative tools and that...

by an electrode while an indi erent electrode (antenna) was attached to the patient. The indif ferent electrode allowed for the removal of the current entering the patient and channeled the electricity back into the electrosurgical unit. This prevented the buildup of static electricity so that electrical shocks were not caused to the patient or the operator. This recycling of current allowed th...