Grooming behavior has been reported to be a response to novelty and other stressors. However, studies that sought to identify anxiety-related measures in the elevated plus-maze have not found grooming as a reliable index. Grooming has been implied with dearousal after a stressful experience. In the present work, a detailed investigation of this behavior was performed in a test with a longer dur...

The present study was aimed to screen neuroprotective effects of lantana camara in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress rats. In methodology animals were divided into 5 groups. Group I serve as vehicle control group administered with 2 ml normal saline. II 50 µg/kg for 21 days. III IV served drug treated pre 1 week methanolic extract L.camara (250 500 mg/kg bw/day orally). V s...

The present study examined the performance of rats with neurotoxic lesions centred in the thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis on standard and modified versions of the eight arm radial maze test. In Experiment 1, the thalamic lesions produced a borderline deficit in acquisition of the standard task, but subsequently had no effect when a delay was interposed after the first four arms had been ente...

The elevated plus-maze is a widely used model of anxiety in rodents and has recently been suggested as a putative model of anxiety or fear in swine. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the effects of a pretest blood sampling procedure on the behaviour of weaned pigs in an elevated plus-maze. Animals in the control group were lifted one-by-one into a transport trolley and moved to t...

T he petroleum ether (60-80°C) ex tract of OcilllulIl sanCIUln root was tested fo r pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in mice. The root extract or vehicle was admi nistered (i.p. ) and after 30 minutes pentobarbito ne sodium (35 mg/kg) was admini stered. The explo ratory behavi our like Water Maze Test was studi ed by imparting training to mice ill a rec tangular tank ha ving holes to escape, fil...

The traditional use of essential oils in aromatherapy has offered numerous health benefits. However, few scientific studies have been conducted with these oils to confirm their therapeutic efficacy. (+)-Limonene is a chemical constituent of various bioactive essential oils. The present study reports on the anxiolytic-like effects of (+)-limonene in an elevated maze model of anxiety in mice. At ...

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and antidepressant effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu formulation (ZGJTJY) in a model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM; the UCMS-DM model). Sixty rats were randomly divided into blank control, vehicle (model plus vehicle), positive control (model plus metformin and fluoxetine), and high...

In the present study, we examined whether aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) with graded doses exerted its neuroprotective effects on amyloid beta(25-35) (Aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ(25-35) 6 nmol as the critical factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognition was evaluated u...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that has been suggested to have a role in learning and memory formation. Previous studies with nonselective NO synthase inhibitors have produced contradictory results in learning experiments. However, these drugs also produced blood pressure changes, as NO is an endothelial-derived relaxing factor. A novel NO synthase inhibitor, 7-nitro indazole (...