Two studies were conducted to assess whether routine applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy could predict the effects of silage proteolysis on ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation of legume and grass silages. A preliminary study was conducted to assess the effect of laboratory drying method on ruminal CP degradation of silages. Thirty legume and grass silages were freeze-, ove...

Several hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated berries and vegetables have recently been reported. Model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of freeze-drying, freeze-drying combined with heating, and steam blanching for inactivation of enteric viruses that might be present on the surface of berries and herbs. Inacti...

Transplantation brings hope for many patients. A multidisciplinary approach on this field aims at creating biologically functional tissues to be used as implants and prostheses. The freeze-drying process allows the fundamental properties of these materials to be preserved, making future manipulation and storage easier. Optimizing a freeze-drying cycle is of great importance since it aims at red...

Foam-mat drying is an alternative method which enables the removal of water from high-sugar content juices and purees that are difficult to dry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different foam-mat drying methods on some physical properties and aroma of apple puree powder. Apple puree was foamed with the addition of foaming agents. Foamed puree was dried as a layer using di...

Introduction For scanning electron microscopy, our ability to examine wet specimens continually improves thanks to advances in instrumentation; nevertheless, drying wet samples remains indispensable, particularly for high resolution or for a sample that needs to be imaged repeatedly. In many laboratories, the standard method for drying is critical-point drying. In this method, samples are dehyd...

Hybrid aerogels consisting of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and modified few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNT) are investigated under cyclic mechanical compression to explore "electrical fatigue". For this purpose the FWCNTs were hydrophilized, thus promoting their aqueous dispersibility to allow FWCNT/CNF hybrid hydrogels, followed by freeze-drying to obtain hybrid aerogels. The optimized compositi...

The cause of initial burst release of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs from biodegradable polymeric microspheres was identified. Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres encapsulating fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labled dextran was prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The extent of initial burst release was examined by varying the formulation process conditions s...

Effects of physical environment on plasma membrane semipermeability and osmotic induction of changes in aqueous cytoplasmic volume were studied in vegetative and spore cells of a plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium sulphureum. A direct method, employing a spin probe molecule that partitioned between intracellular aqueous and hydrophobic phases, allowed measurement of reversible water movement out...

In the present study, a suitable drying method was developed for citrus press cakes (CPCs), which are produced as a by-product in citrus juice plants, and the protective effect of methanol extract of CPCs prepared by far-infrared radiation (FIR) drying against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage was evaluated versus that of freeze-dried CPCs. Methanol extract of FIR-dried CPCs exhibited comparatively g...

Orphanides A., Goulas V., Gekas V. (2013): Effect of drying method on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of spearmint. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 509–513. The changes in total phenolics, hydroxycinammic acid derivatives, and antioxidant properties of spearmint after five drying treatments (convection oven drying, freeze-drying, microwave drying, and air drying with the sun exposure and ...