Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the mediastinum is a rare type of carcinoma. According to the literature, only five cases of this condition have been reported so far. In this paper, we present a rare case of mediastinal NEC of unknown primary site. The patient was a 34-year-old man with mediastinal NEC, who presented with chronic dry cough and a right-sided mediastinal mass one year p...

Background: Differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses is wide and management of individual cases can be challenging. In addition to common malignancies e.g. lymphomas and thymomas. Many other benign and malignant conditions can present with mediastinal masses. Patients and Methods: We describe five patients with a diagnosis of mediastinal mass. We wish to showcase the range of diagnosis poss...

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignancy that usually arises in an extremity. Mediastinal involvement is uncommon, with only two reports of primary mediastinal disease and two reports of metastatic mediastinal disease in the literature, all referencing adult patients. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of ASPS presenting with a mediastinal mass in adolescence. Although ASP...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To review the anesthetic management and perioperative course of children with an anterior mediastinal mass. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING University-affiliated children's hospital. MEASUREMENTS The records of 46 children presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass between October 1, 1998 and October 1, 2006 were studied. Preoperative symptoms, diagnostic imaging an...

Neoplasms, cysts, inflammatory processes, and aneurysms may present as a mediastinal mass. New diagnostic techniques have recently become available for use in the investigation of a mediastinal mass, and we present a case illustrating the use of a transbronchial needle through a flexible bronchoscope to drain an accumulation of mediastinal fluid. So far as we are aware this is the first such re...

Manchanda S, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219852 Description A 35-year-old asymptomatic man presented for chest radiograph evaluation as a part of pre-employment medical examination. The radiograph revealed a large, dense homogenous mass with sharply defined margins and a broad base towards the mediastinum overlying the right hilum. There was also evidence of linear calcificat...

Mediastinal masses are commonly encountered and have multiple differentials. Although histopathological examination is gold standard, the location of the mass narrows the diagnosis. While thyroid, thymus, germ cell tumour or lymph node related masses are common in superior mediastinum, vascular or pleuro-pericardial masses are seen in middle mediastinum. Posterior mediastinal masses are commonl...

Phaeohyphomycosis is a disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here, the first culture-proven case of mediastinal mass due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi is reported. The patient was a 40-yr-old male who had presented with history of dyspnoea and dysphagia. Computed tomography of the chest disclosed a mediastinal mass. Cultures of a specimen from the mediastinum grew Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The patient receiv...

We report the incidental finding of a late post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta in a patient being treated for subarachnoid hemorrhage from a motorcycle accident. The diagnosis of calcified vascular mediastinal masses may be suspected from routine chest roentgenograms and confirmed by aortography. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful when the diagnosis r...

A 67-year-old woman had a large mediastinal mass with calcification. On roentgenogram of 30 years ago, the same mass without calcification was seen. The mediastinal mass was removed by surgery and proved to be a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), most probably as a transition from a giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease).