Melamine, a synthetic nitrogenous product found in many industrial goods and even in fertilizer destined for use in growing crops for human consumption, was recently found to have been added to foods in China — including many different powdered infant formulas1 — to increase their measured, but not biologically available, protein content. Melamine is largely not degraded in humans, although sev...

BACKGROUND Nutritional supplements are used or experimented with by consumers, notably these are; competitive and recreational athletes of all ages, and 'weekend warriors'. As a consequence the supplement industry has grown to meet the increasing demand. A Global Industry Analysts Inc. report indicates that the herbal supplement market has not declined during the worldwide recession, but in fac...

This study assessed the toxicity of melamine against the unicellular eukaryotic system of Tetrahymena (T.) pyriformis exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL of melamine. Cell growth curves of different cultures, the half maximum inhibition concentration (IC(50)) value of melamine, and morphological changes in cells were obtained via optical and transmission electron microscopic observa...

Abstract A set of C 3 N 4 samples has been prepared by using melamine, cyanuric acid and barbituric as the precursors. The materials were subjected both to physical chemical characterization used photocatalysts for selective oxidation aromatic alcohols in water suspension under UV visible irradiation. photoactivity versus partial four substituted benzyl was investigated. type position substitue...

Milk contaminated with melamine resulted in an important health hazard that affected many babies in China recently. Ultrasonic characterization of adulterated milk may detect gross levels of melamine contamination. Sound speed and density measurements were made in skim milk as a function of melamine adulteration. An ultrasonic measurement technique to implement milk quality control is discussed.

The contamination of melamine was evaluated in 69 infants along with follow up formula samples collected from the market for the first time in Iran using HPLC method. Since there are no previous data concerning the contamination level of melamine in all brands of infant formula samples consumed using the HPLC method in Iran, this study is the first investigation in this regard. Our results show...

Porous graphitic carbon nitride/carbon composite spheres were synthesized using melamine and cyanuric acid, and glucose as the carbon nitride and carbon precursor, respectively. The 3D hierarchical composites efficiently catalyzed the oxygen reduction reaction with an onset potential of 0.90 V and a kinetic current density of 23.92 mA cm(-2). These merit their promising applications in fuel cel...

A highly efficient, simple and clean solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines is described. The one-pot multi-component condensation reaction between arylaldehydes, dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione), β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate in the presence of catalytic amount of (2.5 mol%) melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) as a recyclable, green and attractive sulfonic ...

Melamine can be lethal at high concentrations and has been used illegally to increase apparent protein content in food products including infant formula and milk powder. Milk tainted with melamine has caused death and illness in infants. Two years ago, the Codex Commission adopted a maximum melamine level of 1 mg/kg for powdered infant formula and of 2.5 mg/kg for other foods and animal feed. T...

melamine trisulfonic acid (mtsa) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst has been used for the one-pot preparation of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-1,3,8-trione and 2h-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives by the three-component condensation reaction of urazoles or phthalhydrazide, dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexanedione, and aldehydes under solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields ...