XML's metalanguage aspect and extensive tool support make it an attractive way to build modularly extensible modeling languages. XML's original metalanguage , the document type definition (DTD), is being replaced by the more expressive XML schema. Developing programmatic tools to manipulate models specified in XML schemas is made easier though the use of data bindings. Data-bindings model eleme...

Prolog is known to be well-suited for expressing and implementing logics and inference systems. We show that lemmas and deenitions in such logics can be implemented with a great economy of expression. We encode a polymorphic higher-order logic using the ML-style polymorphism of Prolog. The terms of the metalanguage (Prolog) can be used to express the statement of a lemma, and metalanguage type-...

Programming language communities often have repositories of code to which the community submits libraries and from which libraries are downloaded and installed. In communities where many implementations of the language exist, or where the community uses a number of language varieties, many such repositories can exist, each with their own toolset to access them. These diverse communities often h...

A widely used property of Prolog is that it is possible to write Prolog programs to construct and manipulate other Prolog programs in a very general manner. Unfortunately , this property is not carried over to richer languages such as CLP(R) { the manipulation of CLP(R) programs in CLP(R) is quite limited. The reason is that the equality of terms in CLP(R) is not based on their syntactic struct...

It has previously been suggested that there is a need for more language focused science instruction, especially in linguistically diverse classrooms, where many students are second learners. But it also teachers may feel uncertainty about how to teach ways promote learning of both subject matter and language. Previous studies have revealed the science, written used create certain meaning. Resea...

We give an intuitionistic view of Seely’s interpretation of Martin-Löf’s intuitionistic type theory in locally cartesian closed categories. The idea is to use Martin-Löf type theory itself as metalanguage, and E-categories, the appropriate notion of categories when working in this metalanguage. As an E-categorical substitute for the formal system of Martin-Löf type theory we use E-categories wi...