The photovoltaic and the semiconductor industries are in growth and it is necessary to supply a large amount of silicon to maintain this growth. Since silicon is still the best material for the manufacturing of solar cells and semiconductor components so the pure silicon like solar grade and semiconductor grade materials are demanded. There are two main routes for silicon production: metallurgi...

B. Gajdzik, The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland Before metallurgical enterprises started implementation of marketing activities they had to go through restructuring processes which included all areas of their market activities. Privatised metallurgical enterprises after economic transformation gradually implemented marketing to th...

In this paper, we present the 3D simulation of>20% efficiency solar cells using n-type 100% Upgraded-Metallurgical Grade (UMG) Czochralski (CZ) silicon and Electronic Grade (EG) Float Zone (FZ) fabricated using the same process. The cells have a passivated emitter rear locally diffused (PERL) structure, with an etch-back approach on the rear to maintain high bulk lifetime in the cells via phosp...

Type IV cracking refers to the premature failure of a welded joint due to an enhanced rate of creep void formation in the fine grained or intercritically annealed heat affected zone. A great deal of research effort has been directed at understanding the underlying mechanisms for this type of failure, but most have approached the problem from a metallurgical standpoint, and comparatively little ...

A lot of metallurgical processes take places in shaft furnaces, where reacting gas carrying powders flows up in packed bed of descending metallurgical materials. Gas + powder two phase flow in fixed packed bed has been investigated by author for many years 1 . At present author undertakes the investigations with moving bed. Physical model with glass bed and glass powders was constructed. The ex...

B. Gajdzik, The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland The content of this publication consists of notions connected with Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in metallurgical enterprise. The basic areas of devices condition management through Autonomous and Professional Maintenance are described here. Mentioned areas of activities are per...

abstract: friction stir welding, a solid state innovative joining technique, is widely being used for joining aluminium alloys for aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. fsw trials were carried out using a vertical machining centre (vmc) on aa6061 alloy. the main objective of the present work was to evaluate the weld processing parameter of friction s...

This paper presents a methodology, based on the taguchi parameter design approach, for the optimization of process parameters for bismuth recovery from aqueous solutions. The process parameters considered are [Bi3+], [NaCl], temperature, and cathodic current density. In addition, cell voltage and current efficiency as two responses have been considered. An orthogonal array L9, the signal-to-noi...