Since ancient times, people have devised cognitive artifacts to extend memory and ease information processing. Among them are graphics, which use elements and the spatial relations among them to represent worlds that are actually or metaphorically spatial. Maps schematize the real world in that they are two-dimensional, they omit information, they regularize, they use inconsistent scale and per...

This tendency reflects egocentric distance. For example, the examples in (8) show the cognitive process of semantic extension from mouth as ‘facial organ’ (i.e. something concrete) to mouth as ‘talkativeness’ (i.e. something abstract). In sum, polysemy can be significant evidence which shows that experientialist epistemology really works in language users’ mind. In other words, the developing w...

The inclusion of metaphors within a World Wide Web-based environment offers users the opportunity not only to obtain a visual understanding of the information being presented, but also aids users in developing a clearer understanding of the information and builds on their previously conceptual framework of understanding. The importance of a Web-based collaborative educational learning venture i...

Good morning. Even as we gather, the Clintons are preparing for their historic bus ride from Monticello to Washington, DC. I have been thinking lately of the campaign bus as a metaphor for a populist administration; a populist administration that is determined to “look like America.” I think we would all be well-advised to consider how fundamentally nonpopulist is the conduct and image of scien...

How well does a given pitch fit into a tonal scale or key, being either a major or minor key? This question addresses the well-known phenomenon of tonal attraction in music psychology. Metaphorically, tonal attraction is often described in terms of attracting and repelling forces that are exerted upon a probe tone of a scale. In modern physics, forces are related to gauge fields expressing fund...

Until recently, organizations have had a staid quality about them. Even today, the concept, for many, promotes images of stability rather than change. Yet in today's fast-paced, complex, globalizing world, stability seems inappropriate, even passé. This paper argues that we might update our concept of organization if we were to approach organizing in historical and performative terms, like jazz...

The Zamenhof family is famous for Dr Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (1859-1917), who created the artificial language Esperanto and who initiated a social movement for peace and against any sort of discrimination. Ludwik was an ophthalmologist. Adam, Leon, Alexander, and Julian Zamenhof were medical doctors and noted surgeons, while Sophia Zamenhof was a paediatrician. Ludwik Zamenhof often referred to ...

How to provide agents with sufficient motivation to do what society — or its proxy in the guise of a center or social planner — wants them to do is the subject of incentive theory. The theory has normative force whenever, metaphorically speaking, the invisible hand of the market fails to provide such motivation automatically. Market failure can come about either because markets are imperfect in...

In this thematic issue, we present research from authors who seek to contest, challenge, and reimagine what digital inclusion is it might be. Authors work understudied vantage points “hard reach” terrains, such as communities that remain geographically, technically, socially, economically, metaphorically “disconnected”—sometimes by choice. Through their attention the role of intangible factors ...

This study seeks to examine how Ferreira Gullar manifests himself as a poetic subject, through literary landscapes built metaphorically, contemporary poet who reveals his fractures around the issue of exile. The article aims analyze construction living metaphors in Na Vertigem do Dia. For this, it starts from phenomenological look, considering its experience, which subject meeting with him same...