ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of information on forest and data transfer and to identify the gaps in information and data flow in forestry sector in Iran. The study evaluated the data and information flow in three levels (control offices level, provincial offices level and organizational offices level) using the document analysis and questioning (interviews and ques...

In this study, we investigate two types of indirectness in East Asian context, namely, native Korean and Chinese speakers' understanding (i.e. first order indirectness) their linguistic performance second indirectness). comparison to western counterparts, communities have often been labeled as being indirect, while little attention has paid the variations indirectness. Our study explores topic ...

Abstract This paper focusses on compliment responses in the context of group undergraduate student projects, a university Hong Kong. It applies Geoffrey Leech’s model politeness. Although less well known than some other politeness models, it has proved relatively popular studies responses, which are often said to involve clash between Maxim Agreement (achieved by agreeing with complimenter) and...

The study compares how native speakers of German from the area Innsbruck (Austria) and Italian Rome (Italy) perceive communicative act backing out an invitation for dinner at last minute, in a situation low social distance. purpose is twofold: to shed light on orientation Austrian languages/cultures terms linguistic politeness, expand empirical cross-cultural research less-commonly investigated...

In this study, we examined two related aspects in pragmatic knowledge: namely, knowledge of the contexts which certain linguistic forms are prototypically used (i.e. form-context mappings), and indexical meanings produced when a form is particular context. We employed one-to-one metapragmatic interviews with 30 L1 Korean speakers, 28 L2 learners UK as well eight group 26 learners. The focused o...

Abstract Against the backdrop of societal differentiation literacy, paper investigates spelling variation in digital written communication beyond binary paradigm standard and nonstandard. To this end, proposes a formal classification variants then focuses on socio-communicative functions these usage. Theoretically grounded notions register social indexicality , discusses how are metapragmatical...

This paper suggests a sociolinguistic approach to typographic landscape analysis. Typography is discussed as semiotic resource with meaning-making potential. The argues that variation provides dynamic indexical links social practice. It obtains its ‘social voice’ and becomes an integral part of the context in which it perceived typical able generate particular socially loaded meanings. research...

Abstract This article discusses Volume 42(6) where the editors (Gilles Merminod and Raymund Vitorio) push for a metapragmatic approach to reflexive practices of sociolinguistic differentiation. With reference my own trajectory, I review this lens as suitable accounting how people affectively take part in making difference similarities between signs, social situations positions daily meaning-mak...