Diaphyseal morphology of long bones, in part, reflects in vivo loads experienced during the lifetime of an individual. The first metatarsal, as a cornerstone structure of the foot, presumably expresses diaphyseal morphology that reflects loading history of the foot during stance phase of gait. Human feet differ substantially from those of other apes in terms of loading histories when comparing ...

chondromyxoid fibroma (cmf) is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor with a predilection for the bones of lower extremities and about one fourth of the tumors involve the foot.radiologically, an eccentric lytic lesion with well defined margins is seen in the metaphysis of the bone. we hereby, report an 18 yr old young male who presented to orthopedic outpatient department, jn medical college, aliga...

Urinary bladder cancers can be grouped into three general categories: superficial, invasive and metastatic. Approximately 90% of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder are of epithelial origin and the majority of them are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). Metastatic spread of urinary bladder cancers usually includes regional lymph nodes, the lung, the liver and the bones. The presence of met...

Introduction The word brachydactyly is used to describe the hands and feet with shortened digits (brachy, meaning “short,” and daktylos, meaning “digit”) [1]. The digits themselves may be shorter than normal or they may appear small because of shortening of metacarpal and metatarsal bones in the hands or feet [1]. Most of the patients with brachydactyly do not require any specific treatment. Wh...

Stress fractures result from cyclic overload and usually affect the bones of the lower extremities. These stress fractures occur most often in athletes and in members of the military. These fractures, which are also known as fatigue fractures, are susceptible to repeated trauma and typically involve the metatarsal bones, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis or spine. The few cases of sacral stress frac...

The Lapidus procedure affords correction of a multitude of first ray pathologic entities. When reconstructing the first ray using the Lapidus procedure, the relocation of the first metatarsal over the sesamoid bones with frontal plane rotation should be considered one of the key components. In the present technical report, we have described a bunion correction with emphasis on sesamoid reductio...

Using radiographs and diagrams, this article reviews the most commonly used axes and angles of the foot, including: longitudinal axis of the rearfoot, collum tali axis, talocalcaneal angle, cuboid abduction angle, longitudinal axis of the lesser tarsus, lesser tarsus angle, talonavicular angle, longitudinal axis of the metatarsus, forefoot adductus angle, metatarsus adductus angle, first interm...

Metatarsalgia of the central ray is a major surgical challenge. Without precise correction, transfer lesions may occur at an adjacent metatarsal or patients may have inadequate pain relief. Current surgical treatment strategies do not facilitate precise positioning in different planes, resulting in disappointing outcomes. To achieve better outcomes we used an oblique sliding osteotomy to facili...

Growth Hormone (GH) stimulates growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth, with its stimulatory effects being primarily mediated by Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), both systemically and locally in the growth plate. It has been shown that the transcription factor Stat5b mediates the GHpromoting effect on IGF-1 expression and on chondrogenesis: yet, it is not known whether oth...

The hooked element in the pes of turtles was historically identified by most palaeontologists and embryologists as a modified fifth metatarsal, and often used as evidence to unite turtles with other reptiles with a hooked element. Some recent embryological studies, however, revealed that this element might represent an enlarged fifth distal tarsal. We herein provide extensive new myological and...