Sequences of DNA strands were listed in the following. DNA oligonucleotides were synthesized by Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology Co (Shanghai, China). DNA oligonucleotide solutions were prepared by dissolving in Tris-HCl buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 200 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 8.0) and quantified by measuring UV-visible absorption spectroscopy at 260 nm. NMM was purchased from Porphyrin Products (Logan...

It is well known that few halophilic bacteria and archaea as well as certain fungi can grow at the highest concentrations of NaCl. However, data about possible life at extremely high concentrations of various others kosmotropic (stabilizing; like NaCl, KCl, and MgSO4) and chaotropic (destabilizing) salts (NaBr, MgCl2, and CaCl2) are scarce for prokaryotes and almost absent for the eukaryotic do...

We determined the critical monomer concentrations at which association and dissociation reactions are balanced at the two ends of actin filaments. For measurement of the critical concentration of the pointed end, interference with the high dynamics of the barbed end was excluded by capping the barbed ends with an actin filament capping protein isolated from bovine brain. The critical concentrat...

This buffer was also reported incorrectly in the Protocol S1. The second sentence under the heading ‘‘Global Single or minimal number Cell RT-PCR (GSC RT-PCR)’’ on the second page should be: ‘‘For 100 lL of lysis buffer, we combined 76 lL of RNase free water, 20 lL of first strand buffer 5x (250 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.3], 375 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl2), 1 lL of Prime RNase inhibitor (Brinkmann, Westbury, ...

Recent studies indicate increased efficiency of microfluidic ac electro-osmotic pumps by utilizing broken symmetries with raised steps on the electrodes. An experimental study on the dependence of ac electroosmosis in microchannels on solution chemistry for the new fast aceo stepped pumps is reported. Micro PIV was used to determine peak velocities for M mM ! " concentrations of KCl, NaCl, CaCl...

During this study, a comprehensive investigation of low salinity water alternating CO2 injection was performed for enhanced oil recovery in oil-wet carbonate reservoirs. A synergy interfacial mechanisms such as IFT, wettability alteration, solubility, swelling, shielding effect, and rock dissolution considered two three-phase systems. Results showed that the monovalent ions, NaCl or KCl, inhibi...

The influence of Ca2+ on the enzymatic and physical properties of smooth muscle myosin was studied. The actin-activated ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin and heavy meromyosin is higher in the presence of Ca2+ than in its absence, but this effect is found only at lower MgCl2 concentrations. As the MgCl2 concentration is increased, Ca2+ sensitivity is decreased. The concentration o...

Surface charge governs nanoscale aqueous electrolyte transport, both in engineered analytical systems and in biological entities such as ion channels and ion pumps as a function of ion type and concentration. Embedded electrodes in a nanofluidic channel, isolated from the fluid in the channel by a dielectric layer, act as active, tunable gates to systematically modify local surface charge densi...

• Thermodynamics of local structure MgNaK chloride with MgOHCl impurity was computed. 5% relative humidity can be stated as a limit for CSP application at 750ºC under nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal conductivity and viscosity have been calculated by molecular dynamic simulations chloride. Molten salts heat transfer fluids (HTF) concentrated solar power (CSP) plant are considered the best thermal s...

Protectants which are cell membrane permeable, such as glycerol, have been used effectively in the cryopreservation field for a number of decades, for both slow cooling and vitrification applications. In the latter case, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the vitrification composition is key to its application, dictating the ultimate storage conditions. It has been observed that the addit...