Abstract Pregnancy constitutes an immunological paradox, where despite the competent maternal immune system, semi-allogeneic fetus evades rejection. The mechanisms at maternal-fetal interface and mother’s secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs) that dodge immunologic attack to fetus, remain largely unknown. Passage of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a mechanism cell-to-cell communication transfer ant...

background: the luteal phase defect is a common event following the ovarian stimulation. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of human chorionic gonadotropine (hcg) and progesterone hormones to improve the luteal phase defect. materials and methods: 60 mice were superovulated routinely with human menopausal gonadotropin (hmg) (7.5u) and hcg (10u). the mice were mated and divided...

INTRODUCTION Pregnancy poses a challenge to normal mechanisms of immune recognition and rejection: both the mother and her fetus are exposed to allogeneic cells from one to the other. In the case of the mother, these cells are fetal cells carrying paternal antigens; in the case of the fetus, they are maternal cells expressing non-inherited maternal alloantigens (1, 2). Since adaptive immune rec...

The effect of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) on the disposition of the phytoestrogens daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol was investigated using Bcrp(-/-) mice. Expression of the genes for either mouse Bcrp or human BCRP in MDCK II cells induced apically directed transport of the three phytoestrogens, whereas their transcellular transport was identical in mock and LLC-PK1 cells e...

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent psychomotor stimulant with high abuse and addictive potential. MA is a neurotoxic drug which is widely abused by females of childbearing age, raising serious public health concerns in terms of exposure of the fetus to the drug. Neurotoxic effects of MA on adult are well known, such as dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration and cell death in regions ...

Embryo electrofusion and tetraploid blastocyst microinjection is a modification of the traditional embryonic stem cell (ES cell)-based method to generate targeted mutant mice. Viability of tetraploid embryos is reportedly lower than with diploid embryos, with considerable interstrain variation. Here we assessed fetus and pup viability after ES cell microinjection of tetraploid blastocysts deriv...