A 32-year-old nepalese woman presented with dyspnea and dry cough. She had a non-confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) completed 6 months antibacilar treatment 10 years ago. no occupational exposure, smoking habits or familiar history respiratory diseases

The authors present two of their own observations where, based on the clinical course of the disease and the X-ray finding, they diagnosed the condition as pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. They present a review of the literature as regards new views on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of the condition. They evaluate the contribution of scintigraphy 99 mTc, bronchial lavage and X-ray me...

The diagnosis of a testicular sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor is rare. Approximately 17 cases have been previously described in the literature worldwide. We present a case and review the evaluation and surgical management of a sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor presenting in a 26 year-old African-American adult, in association with testicular microlithiasis and oligospermia. Imaging techniques and the...

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a genetic lung disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate deposits in the alveolar spaces of the lung. Mutations in the type II sodium phosphate cotransporter, NPT2b, have been reported in patients with PAM. PAM progresses gradually, often producing incremental dyspnea on exertion, desaturation in young adulthood, and respi...

Eighteen cases have been reported in the literature, but the diagnosis was established during life in eight cases only. To our knowledge, the two cases we report are the nineteenth and twentieth. Among these 18 cases it has been noticed that 11 were in men and seven in women. The youngest patient reported was 6 years old, but the average age was between 30 and 50 years. Diagnosis was made at ne...

Table 1 in the article by Mathru et al’ shows that when the pericardium was opened, the cardiac index fell from 2.9 to 2.8, coupled with a rise in heart rate from 63 to 64. This should cause a fall in stroke volume of5.0 percent, not the 1.7 percent rise (from 59 to 60 ml) claimed in Table 2 in that article. Likewise, Table 3 shows no change in cardiac index. However, that cardiac index value c...

We report a patient with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis who was admitted to King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with chest pain, shortness of breath, dry cough and swelling of lower limbs. The patient underwent chest radiographs and CT scan showing multiple diffuse, almost symmetrical bilateral micronodular opacities of calcific density. The diagnosis was confirmed afte...