BACKGROUND The authors tested whether cocaine depresses mitochondrial acylcarnitine exchange and if a drug that enhances glucose metabolism could protect against cocaine-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS Oxygen consumption with and without cocaine was compared in rat cardiac mitochondria using octanoylcarnitine (lipid) or pyruvate (nonlipid) substrates. Isolated hearts from rats with or wi...

objective: this study was planned to investigate whethercoriandrum sativum (c. sativum) is capable of protecting neurons against glucose/serum deprivation (gsd)-induced cytotoxicity. material and methods: the pc12 cells were cultivated for 24 h in standard media (high-glucose dmem containing fetal bovine serum) or for 6 h in gsd condition (glucose-free dmem, without serum) in the absence or pre...

Glucose is the most efficient energy source, and various cancer cells depend on glycolysis for energy production. For maintenance of survival and proliferation, glucose sensing and adaptation to poor nutritional circumstances must be well organized in cancer cells. While the glucose sensing machinery has been well studied in yeasts, the molecular mechanism of glucose sensing in mammalian cells ...

The neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) has been implicated in mediating neuronal apoptosis after injury to the CNS. Despite its frequent induction in pathologic states, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms that regulate p75(NTR) expression after injury. Here, we show that after focal cerebral ischemia in vivo or oxygen-glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal slices or neurons, p7...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cell growth, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. We recently demonstrated that PPARgamma agonists limit high glucose-induced inflammation in a model of proximal tubular cells (PTC; Panchapakesan U, Pollock CA, and Chen XM. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287: F52...

Rasouli N, Kern PA, Reece EA, Elbein SC. Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on -cell function in nondiabetic subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E359–E365, 2007. First published September 12, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00221.2006.— Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and metformin decreased the incidence of diabetes in subjects at risk for developing diabetes a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of combination therapy with pioglitazone and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight patients with type 2 diabetes (BMI 32.7 +/- 1.3 kg/m(2) and fasting plasma glucose 13.5 +/- 1.2 mmol/l) underwent four different treatment regimens in random order: saline therapy, monotherapy with continuous subcutaneo...