O)1e merit of the pinhead method ( t ) of transfering mierosamples of bacteria to glass slides is the rapidity with which large numbers of samples can be placed on each slide. The sys tem assures identical stainin g, diffcrentiation , and rinsing of eight samples p er slide. Nakayama et aT. (~) reported th e standard deviation between volum es per pinhead to be 7.4 p er cent and concluded that ...

This paper presents a dynamic intermodal freight network scheme using a Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach for performing the microscopic simulation. The model is applied to a roadway network for freight movements from a port terminal. This approach was used to develop efficient control strategies for optimizing freight flow. The simulation model has various applications with the primary fo...

Terrestrial carbonate deposits with a banded layer structure can be good tools for the extraction of past environmental information on global and local scales using trace element concentrations and stable isotope ratios. The absolute age dating is most important for the reconstruction of an environmental chronicle. The measurements of fluorescent annual bandings in stalagmites using a microscop...

A method is described whereby the time required for the processing of white blood cells for electron microscopy can be shortened from 36 to 3 1/2 hours. Because cells of the peripheral blood are not attached to each other, fixation, dehydration, and infiltration of the embedding medium is more rapid. This makes it possible for clinicians to use fine structural data for diagnosis as illustrated ...

Dilute solutions of dyes were applied to animal or plant cells nearly as far back as a century ago. By this means it was sought to gain an insight into various life processes of the cells, to demonstrate certain cellular structures, or to find out whether the cell were dead or alive. The work started by Ehrlich on nerve cells and blood cells, and the stimulus it gave other workers, have given u...

Counting cells and following the evolution of the biological layers are important applications in microscopic imagery. In this paper, a microscopic image segmentation method with two-dimensional (2D) exponential entropy based on hybrid microcanonical annealing is proposed. The 2D maximum exponential entropy does not consider only the distribution of the gray-level information but also takes adv...

Aim: Although the urine culture is used as the reference standard to determine presence or absence of urinary tract infection, the culture is an expensive and time-consuming method. The objectives of the study were to compare dipstick urinalysis with microscopic urinalysis and to compare dipstick and microscopic urinalysis results with urine culture results, by calculating performance character...

We present an approximate and heuristic scheme for the derivation of continuum kinetic equations from microscopic dynamics for stochastic, interacting systems. The method consists of a mean-field-type, decoupled approximation of the master equation followed by the "naive" continuum limit. The Ising model and driven diffusive systems are used as illustrations. The equations derived are in agreem...

The aim of the study was to present the results of comparative evaluation of the usefulness of PCR and microscopic methods for the detection of Processed Animal Protein (PAP) in feedingstuffs. In the validation study, the limit of the detection for PCR was determined on 0.05% for beef, 0.1% for pork and 0.2% for poultry meat and bone meal (MBM). Among 62 doubtful samples of feedingstuffs examin...