Microscopic analysis is a standard approach in the study of robot behaviour. Typically, the approach comprises the analysis of a single (or sometimes a few) robotenvironment system(s) to reveal specific properties of robot behaviour. In contrast to microscopic analysis, macroscopic analysis focuses on averaged properties of systems. The advantage is that such a property is easier to generalise ...

The substantial reduction in summer Arctic sea ice extent observed in 2007 and 2008 and its potential ecological and geopolitical impacts generated a lot of attention by the media and the general public. The remote-sensing data documenting such recent changes in ice coverage are collected at coarse spatial scales (Chapter 6) and typically cannot resolve details fi ner than about 10 km in latera...

The main goal of this paper is experimental analysis of selected mechanical properties of single annulus fibrosus lamellae at macroscopic and microscopic levels as well as representation and explanation of the structural response to forced deformation. The conducted analysis of single annulus fibrosus lamella with preserved natural attachments revealed two characteristic mechanisms leading to d...

Black holes have an entropy proportional to the area of the horizon. The microscopic degrees of freedom that give rise to the entropy are not visible in the classical theory. String theory, a quantum theory of gravity, provides a microscopic quantum description of the thermodynamic properties of some extremal and near extremal charged black holes. The description uses properties of some string ...

The properties of cosmic strings have been investigated in detail for their implications in early-universe cosmology. Although many variations of the basic structure have been discovered, with implications for both the microscopic and macroscopic properties of cosmic strings, the cylindrical symmetry of the short-distance structure of the string is generally unaffected. In this paper we describ...

Microscopic size particles of the cholesteric double-stranded DNA (RNA) liquid-crystalline dispersions, containing the ions of the rare earth elements in their content, have been obtained for the first time. The properties of these particles differ from those of classical DNA cholesterics noticeably. The local concentration of the rare earth elements in a particle reaches 200 mg/ml. The particl...

The subject of this study is the modeling of the evolution of the swelling pressure of granulates with cohesive-frictional, rough and elasto-plastic “microscopic” contact properties. The spherical particles are randomly arranged in a periodic cubic space with a fixed volume so that an increase of the particle size – i.e. swelling that can be caused by intake of some fluid – is accompanied by a ...

Endocytosis underlies many cellular functions including signaling and nutrient uptake. The endocytosed cargo gets redistributed across a dynamic network of endosomes undergoing fusion and fission. Here, a theoretical approach is reviewed which can explain how the microscopic properties of endosome interactions cause the emergent macroscopic properties of cargo trafficking in the endosomal netwo...

Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB) calculations making use of a recently proposed microscopic effective pairing interaction are presented. The interaction was shown to reproduce the pairing properties provided by the realistic AV 18 force very accurately in infinite matter. Although finite-ranged and non-local, it makes 3D HFB calculations in coordinate space tractable. As a first application, basic...