The fatigue properties of trabecular bone tissue (single trabeculae) and similarly sized cortical bone specimens from human tibia were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic tests, and they were compared based on modulus, mineral density, and microstructural characteristics. The results showed that trabecular specimens had significantly lower moduli...

Diffusion-sensitized magnetic resonance imaging probes the cellular structure of the human brain, but the primary microstructural information gets lost in averaging over higher-level, mesoscopic tissue organization such as different orientations of neuronal fibers. While such averaging is inevitable due to the limited imaging resolution, we propose a method for disentangling the microscopic cel...

Background Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) enables 3D evaluation of whole heart microstructure. DT invariants evaluate microstructural remodeling by quantifying trace (increases with decreasing cellularity), fractional anisotropy (FA, decreases with increasing fibrosis), and tissue mode (decreases with increasing fiber disarray) [1]. We have shown that DT invariant data ide...

Microstructural examination can provide a rich tapestry of information about the processing and application history of a metal component. For this reason, microstructural characterization is a fundamental tool for failure analysis of these components. To reduce costs and accommodate demands for smaller packaging, many applications currently use metallic components where the critical dimensions ...

Final Report: Role of Chain Microstructure and Branching on Solution and Thin Film Phase Behavior Report Title This study has focused on elucidating links between topological design of block copolymers and chain stiffness, their assembly in solution and organization in thin films. Novel aspects include the ability to tune chain rigidity without altering chemical composition and precision contro...

Fluid movement produces a wide range of phenomena in musculoskeletal tissues, including streaming potentials, hydrodynamic lubrication, nutrient transport, and mechanical signaling, all of which are governed by tissue permeability. Permeability is a measurement of the ease with which a fluid passes through a material and is described by Darcy's law. An appreciation of the flow-related structure...

BACKGROUND Exposure to alcohol during gestation is associated with CNS alterations, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems. This study investigated microstructural aspects of putative white matter abnormalities following prenatal alcohol exposure. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess white matter microstructure in 27 youth (age range: 8 to 18 years) with (n = 15) and without...

2014 This paper aims towards a presentation of the general structure of the phenomenological models presently used for the macroscopic description of metal plasticity and a discussion of their interaction with microstructural investigation. Attention is concentrated on internal variables modelization which, from the very beginning, must include some ideas about the microstructural material stat...

Fe-Mn-C austenitic steels exhibit outstanding high-ductile deformation in their plastic regions along with significant microstructural evolution. In this study, to characterize the microstructural evolution during deformation of these steels, line-profile and texture analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction. The convolutional multiple whole profile fitting procedure was used for a line...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormal cerebral microstructure has been documented in term neonates with congenital heart disease, portending risk for injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Our hypothesis was that preterm neonates with congenital heart disease would demonstrate diffuse cerebral microstructural abnormalities when compared with critically ill neonates without congenital heart disea...