Two new schemes for human non-invasive cardiopulmonary activity monitoring are demonstrated using microwave low power and non-contact Doppler sensors. The two systems, using direct conversion architecture and simple design, are demonstrated and tested at a distance of 1 m from the patient. The first one proposes a simple technique for direct measurement of heartbeat signal at 2.4 GHz while the ...

The author introduces the status of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s synthetic aperture radar (SAR) programmes and their scientific returns from the last 20 years of activity. The Earth observation programme was started using active microwave sensors in the early 1990s. Spaceborne SAR aboard Japanese Earth Resource’s Satellite-1 (JERS-1) was the pathfinder, and airborne polarimetric and...

Off-shore detection of tsunami waves is a critical component of an effective tsunami early warning system (TEWS). Even more critical is the off-shore detection of local tsunamis, namely tsunamis that strike coastal areas within minutes after generation. In this paper we propose new concepts for near-field tsunami early detection, based on innovative and up-to-date microwave remote sensing techn...

Satellite-based active microwave sensors not only provide synoptic overviews of flooded areas, but also offer an effective way to estimate spatially distributed river water levels. If rapidly produced and processed, these data can be used for updating hydraulic models in near real-time. The usefulness of such approaches with real event data sets provided by currently existing sensors has yet to...

Water vapour plays in important role in the energy budget of the atmosphere. Despite many years of study there are still considerable uncertainties both in the measurement of water vapour and it’s representation in radiation models. In an attempt to reduce these uncertainties two field experiments in differing atmospheres were conducted in 1999. The results from a tropical atmosphere and a sub-...

Passive microwave sensors onboard satellites, such as SSMI or AMSR-E, can penetrate clouds and can monitor the global sea ice distribution on daily basis. However, since the footprint size of passive microwave sensors are rather large, approx. 38x30kmfor SSM/I 37GHz and approx.8x14km for ASMR-E 37GHz, extraction of sea ice thickness with passive microwave sensors is not easy. In this study, we ...

Ozone profiles retrieved from limb scattering measurements of the SCIAMACHY instrument based on the satellite ENVISAT are compared to ground-based low altitude resolution remote sensors. All profiles are retrieved using optimal estimation. Following the work of Rodgers and Connor (2003) the retrievals of the ground-based instruments are simulated using the SCIAMACHY retrieval. The SCIAMACHY res...

provide a convenient way to monitor the vast expanses of sea ice in the Polar Regions and this is done primarily using microwave techniques, which contrary to optical instruments, can operate at night and in all-weather conditions. The determination of sea ice extents from satellite platforms can be exploited as a marker for climate change, a navigation tool and a reference for coupled ocean-ic...

Among imaging sensors, RADAR, an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging, is generally used in different modes. The radar system transmits a microwave signal directing towards the region of interest and detects the signal backscattered by the surface. Due to long wavelength, microwave signal can penetrate through cloud cover, haze, dust and heavy rainfall. This property of microwaves helps in a...

Microwave can be used as a source to detect any movement behind the barrier and it paves way for many unknown intrusion similar to the movement detection in Line of Sight (LOS) environment by passive infrared sensors. Microwave frequencies can penetrate the barrier to gather information in non LOS environment. However the insight about the situation of a person behind the opaque medium will al...