BACKGROUND The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) is a brief questionnaire and measures headache-related disability. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original English version of the MIDAS to German and to test its reliability. METHODS The standardized translation process followed international guidelines. The pre-final version was tested for clarity and compreh...

A two-country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium is used to show how changes in market structure accompany the process of trade and capital market liberalisation. The model predicts that bilateral mergers in which low-cost firms buy out higher-cost foreign rivals are profitable under Cournot competition. With symmetric countries, welfare may rise or fall, though the distribution of incom...

In economic theory, various determinants are considered to explore their effects on trade patterns. Accordingly, business cycles indicate turbulences in economic activities. Business cycles and their fluctuations cause a change in demand for goods and services from the other country then it can affect trade flows. In this study, by using a gravity model, we study the effects of business cycles ...

This paper reviews the empirical evidence on firm heterogeneity in international trade. A first wave of empirical findings from micro data on plants and firms proposed challenges for existing models of international trade and inspired the development of new theories emphasizing firm heterogeneity. Subsequent empirical research has examined additional predictions of these theories and explored o...

We study the evolution of comparative advantage in a model with two countries and`≥ 2 goods. We show that the stochastically stable set consists of the pattern of production that follows the chain of comparative advantage in a sufficiently large world economy. Also, the chain of comparative advantage has an elegant structure that allows for step-by-step evolution. So convergence towards the equ...

I explore the interactions between comparative, competitive and absolute advantage in a two-country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium. Comparative advantage always determines the direction of trade, but both competitive and absolute advantage affect resource allocation, trade patterns and trade volumes. Competitive advantage in the sense of more home firms drives foreign firms out of ma...

Gravity equations have been widely used to infer trade  ow effects of various institutional arrangements. We show that estimated gravity equations do not have a theoretical foundation. This implies both that estimation suffers from omitted variables bias and that comparative statics analysis is unfounded. We develop a method that (i) consistently and efŽ ciently estimates a theoretical gravity...

MIDAS (MunIch Parallel DAtabase System) is a parallel relational database system. It is well suited to serve as a platform for the exploration of various strategies in order to parallelize a rela-tional database system. This short paper depicts how the abstract architecture of MIDAS looks like. A detailed description shows the implementation of a MIDAS prototype on a network of UNIX workstation...

CONTEXT MIDAS was developed as a fast and efficient method for identification of migraine in need of medical evaluation and treatment. It was necessary to translate MIDAS, originally written in English, so as to apply it in Brazil and make it usable by individuals from a variety of social-economic-cultural backgrounds. OBJECTIVE To translate and to apply MIDAS in Brazil. SETTING Assessment ...

This article addresses the procedures to validate the Arabic version of Multiple Intelligence Development Assessment Scale (MIDAS). The content validity was examined based on the experts’ judgments on the MIDAS’s items in the Arabic version. The content of eleven items in the Arabic version of MIDAS was modified to match the Arabic context. Then a translation from original English version of MI...