Two new elementary proofs are given of Landau's Theorem on necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of integers to be the score sequence for some tournament. The first is related to existing proofs by majorization, but it avoids depending on any facts about majorization. The second is natural and direct. Both proofs are constructive, so they each provide an algorithm for obtaining a t...

We prove that majorization relations hold step by step in the Quantum Fourier Transformation (QFT) for phase-estimation algorithms considered in the canonical decomposition. Our result relies on the fact that states which are mixed by Hadamard operators at any stage of the computation only differ by a phase. This property is a consequence of the structure of the initial state and of the QFT, ba...

Majorization methods solve minimization problems by replacing a complicated problem by a sequence of simpler problems. Solving the sequence of simple optimization problems guarantees convergence to a solution of the complicated original problem. Convergence is guaranteed by requiring that the approximating functions majorize the original function at the current solution. The leading examples of...

The objective of this study is to develop a majorization-based tool to compare financial networks with a focus on the implications of liability concentration. Specifically, we quantify liability concentration by applying the majorization order to the liability matrix that captures the interconnectedness of banks in a financial network. We develop notions of balancing and unbalancing networks to...

Carmen Miranda foi, e ainda é, um dos maiores ícones musicais estéticos do Brasil. foi tudo menos convencional, tradicionalista conformista, talvez por isso tenha marcado a história da música moda brasileira internacional. Assim, neste artigo, pretendemos debruçar-nos sobre dois tópicos fulcrais, nomeadamente o uso Do-It-Yourself (DIY) nas suas criações artísticas, bem como demonstrar relevânci...