although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of atorvastatin calcium are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of atorvastatin calcium on re-production and development in mammals. in recent years, it has been shown that atorvastatin calcium is a developmental toxicant when given orally or subcutaneously (sc) to mice. decreased fertili...

Edaravone, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, showed protective effects against oxidative stress-like condition. Paraquat (PQ) is toxic herbicide considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PQ toxicity. In this study, protective effect of edaravone against PQ induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in A549 cells and l...

1 The mitochondrial respiratory chain produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal electron transport. Despite producing ROS, mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with many degenerative diseases, making it important to identify compounds that protect mitochondria from ROS-mediated toxicity. Here we report that ciclopirox (CPX) bl...

Phenformin causes lactic acidosis in clinical situations due to inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. It is reportedly taken up by hepatocytes and exhibits mitochondrial toxicity in the liver. In this study, uptake of phenformin and [(14)C]tetraethylammonium (TEA) and complex I inhibition by phenformin were examined in isolated liver and heart mitochondria. Uptake of phenform...

BACKGROUND Substantially elevated blood D-lactate (DLA) concentrations are associated with neurocardiac toxicity in humans and animals. The neurological symptoms are similar to inherited or acquired abnormalities of pyruvate metabolism. We hypothesized that DLA interferes with mitochondrial utilization of L-lactate and pyruvate in brain and heart. METHODS Respiration rates in rat brain, heart...

conclusions our results suggest that h. parva and h. oculata may be promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of hcc, following further confirmatory in vivo experiments and clinical trials. results our results showed that h. parva methanolic extracts (250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml) and h. oculata methanolic extracts (200, 400, and 800 µg/ml) increased reactive oxygen species (ros) formation...

The mechanism by which acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver damage evokes many aspects drug metabolism, oxidative chemistry, and genetic-predisposition. In this study, we leverage the relative resistance of female C57BL/6 mice to APAP-induced liver damage (AILD) compared to male C57BL/6 mice in order to identify the cause(s) of sensitivity. Furthermore, we use mice that are either heterozygous (HZ...

Insulin-producing cells are known for their extremely low antioxidant equipment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-inactivating enzymes. Therefore, catalase was stably overexpressed in mitochondria and for comparison in the cytoplasmic compartment of insulin-producing RINm5F cells and analyzed for its protective effect against toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokin...

Janus green B (JG-B) dye is used for vital staining of mitochondria and its reduction and oxidation shows the electron transfer chain alteration. The defect in electron transfer chain of mitochondria by paraquat is linked to free radical formation. In this present study we compared the abilities of different angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril (a thiol ACEi), enalapril, and lisi...

cigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for premature human death associated to a variety of respiratory and vascular diseases, and cancer due to containing hundreds of toxicants. rat mitochondria were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and incubated with different concentrations (1, 10 and 100%) of standardized cigarette smoke extract (cse). our results showed that cigarett...