BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial genome includes only 13 coding genes while nuclear-encoded genes account for 99% of proteins responsible for mitochondrial morphology, redox regulation, and energetics. Mitochondrial pathogenesis occurs in HIV patients and genetically, mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with presumed functional differences have been associated with differential AIDS progression. ...

During experimental hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, the heart energy metabolism reverts from the normal adult type that obtains the majority of its requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from metabolism of fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to the fetal form, which metabolizes glucose and lactate. Mitochondrial synthesis and function require an estimated 1000 polypeptid...

INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in organ injury and immune dysregulation in sepsis. Although differential expression of mitochondrial genes in blood cells has been reported for several diseases in which bioenergetic failure is a postulated mechanism, there are no data about the blood cell mitochondrial transcriptome in pediatric sepsis. METHODS W...

Differential rates of nucleotide substitution among different gene segments and between distinct evolutionary lineages is well documented among mitochondrial genes and is likely a consequence of locus-specific selective constraints that delimit mutational divergence over evolutionary time. We compared sequence variation of 18 homologous loci (15 coding genes and 3 parts of the control region) a...

The complete 16,515bp nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome was determined for the black surfperch, Embiotoca jacksoni (Perciformes: Embiotocidae). The black surfperch mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and the non-coding control region (D-loop), the gene order of which is identical to that observed in most vertebrate...

the hypothesis that mitochondrial genes may be implicated in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (ms) is supported by an increasing number of case reports on lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon)-associated mitochondrial dna (mtdna) point mutations in patients with ms. a number of mtdna mutations with primary pathogenic significance for lhon, a maternally inherited disease causing severe b...

the hypothesis that mitochondrial genes may be implicated in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (ms) is supported by an increasing number of case reports on lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon)-associated mitochondrial dna (mtdna) point mutations in patients with ms. a number of mtdna mutations with primary pathogenic significance for lhon, a maternally inherited disease causing severe b...

sequencing. by Calvo and colleagues will help to calibrate clinicians' expectations regarding the diagnostic use of next-generation possible underscores the challenge of interpreting DNA sequence data for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the study formally proven to be linked to mitochondrial disease. The remaining 50% of patients in whom diagnosis was not mitochondrial disease. An additional ...

Many human diseases including development of cancer is associated with depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. These diseases are collectively described as mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). High similarity between yeast and human mitochondria allows genomic study of the budding yeast to be used to identify human disease genes. In this study, we systematically screened the pre-...

The Oxytricha trifallax mitochondrial genome contains the largest sequenced ciliate mitochondrial chromosome (~70 kb) plus a ~5-kb linear plasmid bearing mitochondrial telomeres. We identify two new ciliate split genes (rps3 and nad2) as well as four new mitochondrial genes (ribosomal small subunit protein genes: rps- 2, 7, 8, 10), previously undetected in ciliates due to their extreme divergen...